mie: implement block dominance calculation using lengauer-tarjan algorithm

the new rewriter interface supports running patterns over an Op's children
matching Ops that conform to a pattern, and rewriting Ops in arbitrary ways.

.clang-format

@@ -1,64 +1,6 @@
 BasedOnStyle: WebKit
 IndentWidth: 8
 ---
-Language: C
-DerivePointerAlignment: false
-PointerAlignment: Right
-ColumnLimit: 80
-AlignAfterOpenBracket: AlwaysBreak
-AlignConsecutiveAssignments: None
-AlignConsecutiveBitFields: None
-AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: None
-AlignConsecutiveMacros: AcrossEmptyLinesAndComments
-AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
-AlignOperands: AlignAfterOperator
-AlignTrailingComments: true
-AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: false
-AllowAllConstructorInitializersOnNextLine: false
-AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
-AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Empty
-AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
-AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
-AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: true
-AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
-BinPackArguments: true
-BinPackParameters: true
-ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
-BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
-BreakBeforeBraces: Linux
-BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: All
-BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
-BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeComma
-BreakInheritanceList: BeforeComma
-BreakStringLiterals: true
-ContinuationIndentWidth: 8
-Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
-IncludeBlocks: Regroup
-SortIncludes: true
-IndentRequires: true
-NamespaceIndentation: Inner
-ReflowComments: true
-SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 3
-TabWidth: 8
-UseTab: AlignWithSpaces
-PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 1000000
-PenaltyExcessCharacter: 5
-PenaltyBreakOpenParenthesis: 5
-PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 5
-PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
-AttributeMacros:
-  - BLUELIB_API
-ForEachMacros:
-  - b_btree_foreach
-  - b_queue_foreach
-MacroBlockBegin: "MIE_.*_BEGIN"
-MacroBlockEnd: "MIE_.*_END"
----
 Language: Cpp
 DerivePointerAlignment: false
 PointerAlignment: Right
@@ -114,61 +56,5 @@ AttributeMacros:
 ForEachMacros:
   - b_btree_foreach
   - b_queue_foreach
----
-Language: ObjC
-DerivePointerAlignment: false
-PointerAlignment: Right
-ColumnLimit: 80
-AlignAfterOpenBracket: AlwaysBreak
-AlignConsecutiveAssignments: None
-AlignConsecutiveBitFields: None
-AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: None
-AlignConsecutiveMacros: AcrossEmptyLinesAndComments
-AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
-AlignOperands: AlignAfterOperator
-AlignTrailingComments: true
-AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: false
-AllowAllConstructorInitializersOnNextLine: false
-AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
-AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Empty
-AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
-AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
-AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: true
-AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
-BinPackArguments: true
-BinPackParameters: true
-ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
-BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
-BreakBeforeBraces: Linux
-BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: All
-BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
-BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeComma
-BreakInheritanceList: BeforeComma
-BreakStringLiterals: true
-ContinuationIndentWidth: 8
-Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
-IncludeBlocks: Regroup
-SortIncludes: true
-IndentRequires: true
-NamespaceIndentation: Inner
-ReflowComments: true
-SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 3
-TabWidth: 8
-UseTab: AlignWithSpaces
-PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 1000000
-PenaltyExcessCharacter: 5
-PenaltyBreakOpenParenthesis: 5
-PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 5
-PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
-AttributeMacros:
-  - BLUELIB_API
-ForEachMacros:
-  - b_btree_foreach
-  - b_queue_foreach
-MacroBlockBegin: "B_TYPE_.*_BEGIN"
-MacroBlockEnd: "B_TYPE_.*_END"
+MacroBlockBegin: "MIE_.*_BEGIN"
+MacroBlockEnd: "MIE_.*_END"

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
 project(mie C)
 
 if (WIN32)

doc/sample/graph/1.mie

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 select.graph {
-	%entry = +select.entry -> #select.chain
+	%entry = +select.entry -> !select.chain
 
-	%0 = +select.register @0 : i32 -> #select.register
-	%1 = +select.register @1 : i32 -> #select.register
+	%0 = +select.register @0 : i32 -> !select.register
+	%1 = +select.register @1 : i32 -> !select.register
 
 	%v.0, %c.0 = +select.register.read %entry, %0 \
-		: (#select.chain, #select.register) \
-		-> (i32, #select.chain)
+		: (!select.chain, !select.register) \
+		-> (i32, !select.chain)
 
 	%v.1, %c.1 = +select.register.read %entry, %1 \
-		: (#select.chain, #select.register) \
-		-> (i32, #select.chain)
+		: (!select.chain, !select.register) \
+		-> (i32, !select.chain)
 
 	%2 = +select.register @2 : i32
 
 	%v.2, %c.2 = +select.register.read %entry, %2 \
-		: (#select.chain, #select.register) \
-		-> (#select.register, #select.chain)
+		: (!select.chain, !select.register) \
+		-> (!select.register, !select.chain)
 
 	%v.3 = arith.build-pair %v.0, %v.1 : (i32, i32) -> i64
 
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ select.graph {
 
 	%v.5 = arith.mul %v.4, %v.3 : (i32, i32) -> i32
 
-	%x0 = +select.mach-register @x0 : i32 -> #select.register
+	%x0 = +select.mach-register @x0 : i32 -> !select.register
 
 	%c.3, %g.0 = +select.register.write %entry, %x0, %v.5 \
-		: (#select.chain, #select.register, i32) \
-		-> (#select.chain, #select.glue)
+		: (!select.chain, !select.register, i32) \
+		-> (!select.chain, !select.glue)
 
 	%c.4 = *risc-v.RET %c.3, %x0, %g.0 \
-		: (#select.chain, #select.register, #select.glue) \
-		-> #select.chain
+		: (!select.chain, !select.register, !select.glue) \
+		-> !select.chain
 
-	+select.graph-root %c.4 : #select.chain
+	+select.graph-root %c.4 : !select.chain
 }

doc/sample/graph/2.mie

@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
 select.graph {
-	%entry = +select.entry -> #select.chain
+	%entry = +select.entry -> !select.chain
 
 	%N1 = ptr.alloca i32 -> ptr
 
 	%N2 = i32.constant 3 -> i32
 
-	%N3.c = +ptr.store %entry, %N2, %N1 : (#select.chain, i32, ptr) -> #select.chain
+	%N3.c = +ptr.store %entry, %N2, %N1 : (!select.chain, i32, ptr) -> !select.chain
 
 	%N4 = ptr.alloca i32 -> ptr
 
 	%N5 = i32.constant 0 -> i32
 
-	%N6.c = +ptr.store %entry, %N5, %N4 : (#select.chain, i32, ptr) -> #select.chain
+	%N6.c = +ptr.store %entry, %N5, %N4 : (!select.chain, i32, ptr) -> !select.chain
 
-	%N7, %N7.c = +ptr.load %N6.c, %N1 : (#select.chain, ptr) -> (#ivy.id, #select.chain)
+	%N7, %N7.c = +ptr.load %N6.c, %N1 : (!select.chain, ptr) -> (!ivy.id, !select.chain)
 
 	%N8 = i32.constant 10 -> i32
 
-	%N9 = arith.cmp gt %N7, %N8 : (#ivy.id, i32) -> i1
+	%N9 = arith.cmp gt %N7, %N8 : (!ivy.id, i32) -> i1
 
-	%N10.c = +select.chain-group %N7.c, %N6.c : (#select.chain, #select.chain) -> #select.chain
+	%N10.c = +select.chain-group %N7.c, %N6.c : (!select.chain, !select.chain) -> !select.chain
 
-	%N11 = +select.block-ref @if.true -> #select.block
+	%N11 = +select.block-ref @if.true -> !select.block
 
-	%N12.c = +cf.br-cond %N10.c, %N9, %N11 : (#select.chain, i1, #select.block) -> #select.chain
+	%N12.c = +cf.br-cond %N10.c, %N9, %N11 : (!select.chain, i1, !select.block) -> !select.chain
 
-	%N13 = +select.block-ref @if.false -> #select.block
+	%N13 = +select.block-ref @if.false -> !select.block
 
 	%N14.c = cf.br %N12.c, %N13
 

doc/sample/ir/Person.mie

@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ ivy.module {
 	%cout = ivy.global-ref @cout -> ptr
 
 	ivy.class @Person {
-		%self.name = ivy.object-var @name : #ivy.id -> ptr
-		%self.age = ivy.object-var @age : #ivy.id -> ptr
-		%self.val = ivy.object-var @val : #ivy.id -> ptr
-		%self.__example-property-4 = ivy.object-var @val : #ivy.id -> ptr
-		%self.__example-property-5 = ivy.object-var @val : #ivy.id -> ptr
+		%self.name = ivy.object-var @name : !ivy.id -> ptr
+		%self.age = ivy.object-var @age : !ivy.id -> ptr
+		%self.val = ivy.object-var @val : !ivy.id -> ptr
+		%self.__example-property-4 = ivy.object-var @val : !ivy.id -> ptr
+		%self.__example-property-5 = ivy.object-var @val : !ivy.id -> ptr
 
 		ivy.msgh.object init(name:%name, age:%age) -> void {
-			ptr.store %name, %self.name : #ivy.id, ptr
-			ptr.store %age, %self.age : #ivy.id, ptr
+			ptr.store %name, %self.name : !ivy.id, ptr
+			ptr.store %age, %self.age : !ivy.id, ptr
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
@@ -24,41 +24,41 @@ ivy.module {
 			%0 = ivy.string-builder.begin
 
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << "Received "
-			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %data : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %data : !ivy.id
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << ", "
-			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %extra : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %extra : !ivy.id
 
-			%1 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> #ivy.id
+			%1 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> !ivy.id
 
-			%2 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%2 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %2, put:%1 -> void
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
-		ivy.msgh.object name -> #ivy.id {
-			%0 = ptr.load %self.name : ptr -> #ivy.id
-			func.return %0 : #ivy.id
+		ivy.msgh.object name -> !ivy.id {
+			%0 = ptr.load %self.name : ptr -> !ivy.id
+			func.return %0 : !ivy.id
 		}
 
-		ivy.msgh.object age -> #ivy.id {
-			%0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> #ivy.id
-			func.return %0 : #ivy.id
+		ivy.msgh.object age -> !ivy.id {
+			%0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> !ivy.id
+			func.return %0 : !ivy.id
 		}
 
-		ivy.msgh.object age-in-months -> #ivy.id {
-			%0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> #ivy.id
+		ivy.msgh.object age-in-months -> !ivy.id {
+			%0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			%1 = arith.constant 12 : i32
-			%multmp = ivy.mul %0, %1 : (#ivy.id, i32) -> #ivy.id
-			func.return %multmp : #ivy.id
+			%multmp = ivy.mul %0, %1 : (!ivy.id, i32) -> !ivy.id
+			func.return %multmp : !ivy.id
 		}
 
 		ivy.msgh.object set-name:%name -> void {
-			ptr.store %name, %self.name : #ivy.id, ptr
+			ptr.store %name, %self.name : !ivy.id, ptr
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
 		ivy.msgh.object set-age:%age -> void {
-			ptr.store %age, %self.age : #ivy.id, ptr
+			ptr.store %age, %self.age : !ivy.id, ptr
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
@@ -66,28 +66,28 @@ ivy.module {
 			scf.switch : () -> void
 			case {
 				%0 = ivy.atom "years"
-				%cmptmp.0 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %0 : (#ivy.id, #ivy.atom) -> i1
+				%cmptmp.0 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %0 : (!ivy.id, !ivy.atom) -> i1
 				scf.switch-condition %cmptmp.0
 			} then {
-				ptr.store %age, %self.age : #ivy.id, ptr
+				ptr.store %age, %self.age : !ivy.id, ptr
 				scf.switch-break : ()
 			} case {
 				%1 = ivy.atom "months"
-				%cmptmp.1 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %1 : (#ivy.id, #ivy.atom) -> i1
+				%cmptmp.1 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %1 : (!ivy.id, !ivy.atom) -> i1
 				scf.condition %cmptmp.1
 			} then {
 				%d0 = arith.constant 12 : i32
-				%divtmp.0 = ivy.div %age, %d0 : (#ivy.id, i32) -> #ivy.id
-				ptr.store %divtmp.0, %self.age : #ivy.id, ptr
+				%divtmp.0 = ivy.div %age, %d0 : (!ivy.id, i32) -> !ivy.id
+				ptr.store %divtmp.0, %self.age : !ivy.id, ptr
 				scf.switch-break : ()
 			} case {
 				%2 = ivy.atom "days"
-				%cmptmp.2 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %2 : (#ivy.id, #ivy.atom) -> i1
+				%cmptmp.2 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %2 : (!ivy.id, !ivy.atom) -> i1
 				scf.condition %cmptmp.2
 			} then {
 				%d1 = arith.constant 365 : i32
-				%divtmp.1 = ivy.div %age, %d1 : (#ivy.id, i32) -> #ivy.id
-				ptr.store %divtmp.1, %self.age : #ivy.id, ptr
+				%divtmp.1 = ivy.div %age, %d1 : (!ivy.id, i32) -> !ivy.id
+				ptr.store %divtmp.1, %self.age : !ivy.id, ptr
 				scf.switch-break : ()
 			} default {
 				%d2 = arith.constant 0 : i32
@@ -97,56 +97,56 @@ ivy.module {
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
-		ivy.msgh.object get-age-in-units:%units -> #ivy.id {
-			%result = scf.switch : () -> #ivy.id
+		ivy.msgh.object get-age-in-units:%units -> !ivy.id {
+			%result = scf.switch : () -> !ivy.id
 			case {
 				%0 = ivy.atom "years"
-				%cmptmp.0 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %0 : (#ivy.id, #ivy.atom) -> i1
+				%cmptmp.0 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %0 : (!ivy.id, !ivy.atom) -> i1
 				scf.switch-condition %cmptmp.0
 			} then {
-				%v0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> #ivy.id
-				scf.switch-break %v0 : #ivy.id
+				%v0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> !ivy.id
+				scf.switch-break %v0 : !ivy.id
 			} case {
 				%1 = ivy.atom "months"
-				%cmptmp.1 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %1 : (#ivy.id, #ivy.atom) -> i1
+				%cmptmp.1 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %1 : (!ivy.id, !ivy.atom) -> i1
 				scf.condition %cmptmp.1
 			} then {
-				%v0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> #ivy.id
+				%v0 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> !ivy.id
 				%d0 = arith.constant 12 : i32
-				%divtmp.0 = ivy.div %v0, %d0 : (#ivy.id, i32) -> #ivy.id
-				scf.switch-break %divtmp.0 : #ivy.id
+				%divtmp.0 = ivy.div %v0, %d0 : (!ivy.id, i32) -> !ivy.id
+				scf.switch-break %divtmp.0 : !ivy.id
 			} case {
 				%2 = ivy.atom "days"
-				%cmptmp.2 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %2 : (#ivy.id, #ivy.atom) -> i1
+				%cmptmp.2 = ivy.cmp eq %age, %2 : (!ivy.id, !ivy.atom) -> i1
 				scf.condition %cmptmp.2
 			} then {
-				%v1 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> #ivy.id
+				%v1 = ptr.load %self.age : ptr -> !ivy.id
 				%d1 = arith.constant 365 : i32
-				%divtmp.1 = ivy.div %v1, %d1 : (#ivy.id, i32) -> #ivy.id
-				scf.switch-break %divtmp.1 : #ivy.id
+				%divtmp.1 = ivy.div %v1, %d1 : (!ivy.id, i32) -> !ivy.id
+				scf.switch-break %divtmp.1 : !ivy.id
 			} default {
 				%d2 = arith.constant 0 : i32
-				scf.switch-break %d2 : #ivy.id
+				scf.switch-break %d2 : !ivy.id
 			}
 
-			func.return %result : #ivy.id
+			func.return %result : !ivy.id
 		}
 
 		ivy.object-prop example-property
 		get {
-			%0 = ptr.load %self.val : ptr -> #ivy.id
-			func.return %0 : #ivy.id
+			%0 = ptr.load %self.val : ptr -> !ivy.id
+			func.return %0 : !ivy.id
 		}
-		set (%value: #ivy.id) {
-			ptr.store %value, %self.val : #ivy.id, ptr
+		set (%value: !ivy.id) {
+			ptr.store %value, %self.val : !ivy.id, ptr
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
 		ivy.object-prop example-property-2 get {
-			%0 = ptr.load %self.val : ptr -> #ivy.id
-			func.return %0 : #ivy.id
-		} set (%x: #ivy.id) {
-			ptr.store %x, %self.val : #ivy.id, ptr
+			%0 = ptr.load %self.val : ptr -> !ivy.id
+			func.return %0 : !ivy.id
+		} set (%x: !ivy.id) {
+			ptr.store %x, %self.val : !ivy.id, ptr
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
@@ -156,16 +156,16 @@ ivy.module {
 		}
 
 		ivy.object-prop example-property-4 get {
-			%0 = ptr.load %self.__example-property-4 : ptr -> #ivy.id
-			func.return %0 : #ivy.id
-		} set (%0: #ivy.id) {
-			ptr.store %0, %self.__example-property-4 : #ivy.id, ptr
+			%0 = ptr.load %self.__example-property-4 : ptr -> !ivy.id
+			func.return %0 : !ivy.id
+		} set (%0: !ivy.id) {
+			ptr.store %0, %self.__example-property-4 : !ivy.id, ptr
 			func.return : ()
 		}
 
 		ivy.object-prop example-property-5 get {
-			%0 = ptr.load %self.__example-property-5 : ptr -> #ivy.id
-			func.return %0 : #ivy.id
+			%0 = ptr.load %self.__example-property-5 : ptr -> !ivy.id
+			func.return %0 : !ivy.id
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -175,19 +175,19 @@ ivy.module {
 		%0 = ivy.str.constant "John Doe"
 		%1 = arith.constant 34 : i32
 
-		%2 = ivy.msg.send to %Person, new(name:%0, age:%1) -> #ivy.id
+		%2 = ivy.msg.send to %Person, new(name:%0, age:%1) -> !ivy.id
 
-		%p1 = ptr.alloca #ivy.id -> ptr
-		ptr.store %2, %p1 : #ivy.id, ptr
+		%p1 = ptr.alloca !ivy.id -> ptr
+		ptr.store %2, %p1 : !ivy.id, ptr
 
 		; p1 set-age:100 in-unit:$months.
-		%3 = ptr.load %p1 : ptr -> #ivy.id
+		%3 = ptr.load %p1 : ptr -> !ivy.id
 		%4 = arith.constant 100 : i32
 		%5 = ivy.atom "months"
 		ivy.msg.send to %3, set-age:%4 in-units:%5 -> void
 
 		; p1 test(param:'Hello', 'World').
-		%6 = ptr.load %p1 : ptr -> #ivy.id
+		%6 = ptr.load %p1 : ptr -> !ivy.id
 		%7 = ivy.str.constant "Hello"
 		%8 = ivy.str.constant "World"
 		ivy.msg.send to %6, test(param:%7, _:%8) -> void
@@ -213,9 +213,9 @@ ivy.module {
 			%14 = ptr.load %i : ptr -> i32
 			ivy.string-builder.add %12 << %14 : i32
 
-			%15 = ivy.string-builder.end %12 -> #ivy.id
+			%15 = ivy.string-builder.end %12 -> !ivy.id
 
-			%16 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%16 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %16, put:%15 -> void
 
 			; i += 2
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ ivy.module {
 		%19 = arith.constant 0 : i32
 		%20 = arith.constant 100 : i32
 		%21 = arith.constant 2 : i32
-		%22 = ivy.msg.send to %19, to:%20 step:%21 -> #ivy.id
+		%22 = ivy.msg.send to %19, to:%20 step:%21 -> !ivy.id
 
 		; for x in 0 to:100 step:2 do
 		ivy.for %x in %22 -> void {
@@ -237,12 +237,12 @@ ivy.module {
 
 			; 'Count is {x}'
 			ivy.string-builder.add %23 << "Count is "
-			ivy.string-builder.add %23 << %x : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %23 << %x : !ivy.id
 
-			%25 = ivy.string-builder.end %23 -> #ivy.id
+			%25 = ivy.string-builder.end %23 -> !ivy.id
 
 			; cout put:"Count is {x}"
-			%26 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%26 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %26, put:%25 -> void
 		}
 
@@ -251,16 +251,16 @@ ivy.module {
 		%28 = arith.constant 100 : i32
 		%29 = arith.constant 2 : i32
 		; [ :i | cout put:'Count: {i}' ]
-		%30 = ivy.lambda %i : (#ivy.id) -> void {
+		%30 = ivy.lambda %i : (!ivy.id) -> void {
 			%0 = ivy.string-builder.begin
 
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << "Count is "
-			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %i : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %i : !ivy.id
 
-			%2 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> #ivy.id
+			%2 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> !ivy.id
 
 			%cout = ivy.global-ref @cout -> ptr
-			%3 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%3 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %3, put:%2 -> void
 		}
 
@@ -273,29 +273,29 @@ ivy.module {
 		ptr.store %31, %q : i32, ptr
 
 		; l = [ cout put:'Value of q is {q}' ].
-		%l = ptr.alloca #ivy.id
+		%l = ptr.alloca !ivy.id
 		%32 = ptr.load %q : ptr -> i32
 		%33 = ivy.lambda (%env.q = %32) : () -> void {
 			%0 = ivy.string-builder.begin
 
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << "Value of q is "
-			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %env.q : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %env.q : !ivy.id
 
-			%2 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> #ivy.id
+			%2 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> !ivy.id
 
 			%cout = ivy.global-ref @cout -> ptr
-			%3 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%3 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %3, put:%2 -> void
 		}
 
-		ptr.store %33, %l : #ivy.id, ptr
+		ptr.store %33, %l : !ivy.id, ptr
 
 		; q = 64.
 		%34 = arith.constant 64 : i32
 		ptr.store %34, %q : i32, ptr
 
 		; l call.
-		%35 = ptr.load %l : ptr -> #ivy.id
+		%35 = ptr.load %l : ptr -> !ivy.id
 		ivy.msg.send to %35, call -> void
 
 		%j = ptr.alloca i32 -> ptr
@@ -311,14 +311,14 @@ ivy.module {
 		%39 = ivy.lambda : () -> void {
 			%cout = ivy.global-ref @cout -> ptr
 			%0 = ivy.str.constant "True!"
-			%1 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%1 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %1, put:%0 -> void
 		}
 
 		%40 = ivy.lambda : () -> void {
 			%cout = ivy.global-ref @cout -> ptr
 			%0 = ivy.str.constant "False!"
-			%1 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%1 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %1, put:%0 -> void
 		}
 
@@ -331,53 +331,53 @@ ivy.module {
 
 		scf.if %cmptmp.0 -> void {
 			%43 = ivy.str.constant "True!"
-			%44 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%44 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %44, put:%43 -> void
 		}
 
 		; pkg = {}.
-		%pkg = ptr.alloca #ivy.id -> ptr
+		%pkg = ptr.alloca !ivy.id -> ptr
 
 		%Package = ivy.global-ref @std.lang.Package -> ptr
 
-		%45 = ivy.msg.send to %Package, new -> #ivy.id
-		ptr.store %45, %pkg : #ivy.id, ptr
+		%45 = ivy.msg.send to %Package, new -> !ivy.id
+		ptr.store %45, %pkg : !ivy.id, ptr
 
 		; pkg[0] = 16.
-		%46 = ptr.load %pkg : ptr -> #ivy.id
+		%46 = ptr.load %pkg : ptr -> !ivy.id
 		%47 = arith.constant 0 : i32
 		%48 = arith.constant 16 : i32
 
 		ivy.msg.send to %46, at:%47 put:%48 -> void
 
 		; tuple = (32, 'a string')
-		%tuple = ptr.alloca #ivy.id -> ptr
+		%tuple = ptr.alloca !ivy.id -> ptr
 
 		%49 = arith.constant 32 : i32
 		%50 = ivy.str.constant "a string"
 
-		%51 = ivy.tuple.create %49, %50 : (i32, #ivy.id) -> #ivy.id
+		%51 = ivy.tuple.create %49, %50 : (i32, !ivy.id) -> !ivy.id
 
-		ptr.store %51, %tuple : #ivy.id, ptr
+		ptr.store %51, %tuple : !ivy.id, ptr
 
-		%52 = ptr.load %tuple : ptr -> #ivy.id
-		%53 = ivy.msg.send to %52, get-iterator -> #ivy.id
+		%52 = ptr.load %tuple : ptr -> !ivy.id
+		%53 = ivy.msg.send to %52, get-iterator -> !ivy.id
 
 		ivy.for %54 in %53 -> void {
-			%key = ivy.tuple.get-item %54[0] : (#ivy.id, i32) -> #ivy.id
-			%val = ivy.tuple.get-item %54[1] : (#ivy.id, i32) -> #ivy.id
+			%key = ivy.tuple.get-item %54[0] : (!ivy.id, i32) -> !ivy.id
+			%val = ivy.tuple.get-item %54[1] : (!ivy.id, i32) -> !ivy.id
 
 			; '{key} -> {val}'
 			%55 = ivy.string-builder.begin
 
-			ivy.string-builder.add %55 << %key : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %55 << %key : !ivy.id
 			ivy.string-builder.add %55 << " -> "
-			ivy.string-builder.add %55 << %val : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %55 << %val : !ivy.id
 
-			%57 = ivy.string-builder.end %55 -> #ivy.id
+			%57 = ivy.string-builder.end %55 -> !ivy.id
 
 			; cout put:'{key} -> {val}'
-			%58 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%58 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %58, put:%57 -> void
 		}
 
@@ -387,20 +387,20 @@ ivy.module {
 		%multmp = arith.mul %59, %60 : (i32, i32) -> i32
 
 		; a = (32, 64).
-		%a = ptr.alloca #ivy.id -> ptr
+		%a = ptr.alloca !ivy.id -> ptr
 
 		%61 = arith.constant 32 : i32
 		%62 = arith.constant 64 : i32
-		%63 = ivy.tuple.create %61, %62 : (i32, i32) -> #ivy.id
+		%63 = ivy.tuple.create %61, %62 : (i32, i32) -> !ivy.id
 
-		ptr.store %63, %a : #ivy.id, ptr
+		ptr.store %63, %a : !ivy.id, ptr
 
-		%v = ptr.alloca #ivy.id -> ptr
+		%v = ptr.alloca !ivy.id -> ptr
 
-		%64 = ptr.load %a : ptr -> #ivy.id
-		%65 = ivy.tuple.get-item %64[1] : #ivy.id -> #ivy.id
+		%64 = ptr.load %a : ptr -> !ivy.id
+		%65 = ivy.tuple.get-item %64[1] : !ivy.id -> !ivy.id
 
-		ptr.store %65, %v : #ivy.id, ptr
+		ptr.store %65, %v : !ivy.id, ptr
 
 		%66 = ivy.atom "err:number-format"
 
@@ -413,47 +413,47 @@ ivy.module {
 		}
 
 		%67 = ivy.lambda : () -> void {
-			%v = ptr.alloca #ivy.id -> ptr
+			%v = ptr.alloca !ivy.id -> ptr
 			%Int = ivy.global-ref @Int -> ptr
 			%0 = ivy.str.constant "342"
 
 			%1 = ivy.msg.send to %Int, parse:%0
 
-			ptr.store %1, %v : #ivy.id, ptr
+			ptr.store %1, %v : !ivy.id, ptr
 		}
 
-		%68 = ivy.lambda %err, %data : (#ivy.id, #ivy.id) -> void {
+		%68 = ivy.lambda %err, %data : (!ivy.id, !ivy.id) -> void {
 			%0 = ivy.string-builder.begin
 
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << "Cannot parse integer string ("
-			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %err : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %err : !ivy.id
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << ")"
 
-			%3 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> #ivy.id
+			%3 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> !ivy.id
 
 			; cout put:'{key} -> {val}'
-			%4 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%4 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %4, put:%3 -> void
 		}
 
-		%69 = ivy.lambda %err, %data : (#ivy.id, #ivy.id) -> void {
+		%69 = ivy.lambda %err, %data : (!ivy.id, !ivy.id) -> void {
 			%0 = ivy.string-builder.create
 
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << "Error "
-			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %err : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %err : !ivy.id
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << " occurred ("
-			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %data : #ivy.id
+			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << %data : !ivy.id
 			ivy.string-builder.add %0 << ")"
 
-			%4 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> #ivy.id
+			%4 = ivy.string-builder.end %0 -> !ivy.id
 
 			; cout put:'{key} -> {val}'
-			%5 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> #ivy.id
+			%5 = ptr.load %cout : ptr -> !ivy.id
 			ivy.msg.send to %5, put:%4 -> void
 		}
 
 		%70 = ivy.atom "err:number-format"
-		ivy.msg.send to %67, on:%70 do:%68 -> #ivy.id
+		ivy.msg.send to %67, on:%70 do:%68 -> !ivy.id
 		ivy.msg.send to %67, on-error:%69 -> void
 		ivy.msg.send to %67, call -> void
 	}

doc/sample/ir/parse-test.mie

@@ -1,6 +1,26 @@
-%1, %reg.2, $X0 = ~scf.for(%a, %b) ({
-^b0:
-	~arith.constant() : () -> ()
-^b1:
-	~arith.constant() : () -> ()
-}) {test_attrib = 2 : i32 } : (i8, i1) -> (i32, i32, i32)
+~builtin.module() ({
+	~func.func() ({
+	^entry(%buffer: i32, %lb: index, %ub: index, %step: index):
+		; Initial sum set to 0.
+		%sum.0 = ~arith.constant() {value = 0.0 : f32} : () -> f32
+		; iter_args binds initial values to the loop's region arguments.
+		;%sum = "scf.for"(%lb, %ub, %step) -> (f32) {
+		~cf.br() [ ^for.entry:(%lb: index, %sum.0: f32) ] : () -> ()
+
+	^for.entry(%iv: index, %sum.iter: f32):
+		%t, %x, %z = ~memref.load(%buffer, %iv) : (i32, index) -> (f32, i1, i1)
+		%sum.next = ~arith.addf(%sum.iter, %t) : (f32, f32) -> f32
+
+		~cf.br() [ ^for.cond:(%iv: index, %sum.next: f32) ] : () -> ()
+
+	^for.cond(%iv2: index, %sum.next2: f32):
+		; Yield current iteration sum to next iteration %sum.iter or to %sum
+		; if final iteration.
+		%iv.next = ~arith.addi(%iv, %step) : (index, index) -> index
+		%stop = ~arith.cmpi(%iv.next, %ub) { predicate = 9 } : (index, index) -> i1
+		~cf.br-cond(%stop) [ ^for.end, ^for.entry:(%iv.next: index, %sum.next: f32) ] : (i1) -> ()
+
+	^for.end(%sum: f32):
+		~func.return(%sum) : (f32) -> ()
+	}) {sym_name = "reduce", function_type = (i32, index, index, index) -> f32 } : () -> ()
+}) : () -> ()

mie.vim/syntax/mie.vim

@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ syn match	mieBuiltinType		/\<ptr\>/
 syn match	mieBuiltinType		/\<index\>/
 syn match	mieBuiltinType		"\<[if][0-9]\>"
 syn match	mieBuiltinType		"\<[if][1-9][0-9]\+\>"
-syn match	mieDialectType		/#[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\(\.[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\)\+/
+syn match	mieDialectType		/![A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\(\.[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\)\+/
+syn match	mieDialectAttribute	/#[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\(\.[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\)\+/
 
 syn match	mieInstruction		/\*[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\(\.[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\)\+\([>\*]\)\@!\>/
 syn match	mieGenericOperation	/\~[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\(\.[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*\)\+\([>\*]\)\@!\>/
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ hi def link	mieBrackets		Delimiter
 hi def link	mieAngleBrackets	StorageClass
 
 hi def link 	mieDialectType		Type
+hi def link 	mieDialectAttribute	@attribute
 
 hi def link 	mieGenericOperation	@function.builtin
 hi def link 	mieGraphOperation	Statement

mie/attribute/attribute-definition.c

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include <blue/ds/string.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+
+struct mie_attribute_definition *mie_attribute_definition_create(
+	struct mie_dialect *parent, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_attribute_definition *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+
+	out->a_name = b_strdup(name);
+	if (!out->a_name) {
+		free(out);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out->a_parent = parent;
+
+	b_rope name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(name);
+	mie_id_map_put(&parent->d_attributes, &out->a_id, &name_rope);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+bool mie_attribute_definition_check_name(
+	const struct mie_attribute_definition *def, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *attrib_name)
+{
+	if (!def || !def->a_parent) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return (!strcmp(def->a_name, attrib_name)
+	        && !strcmp(def->a_parent->d_name, dialect_name));
+}

mie/attribute/attribute-map.c

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#include <blue/core/hash.h>
+#include <blue/core/queue.h>
+#include <blue/ds/string.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-map.h>
+
+enum attribute_map_entry_type {
+	ATTRMAP_ENTRY_NONE = 0,
+	ATTRMAP_ENTRY_BUCKET,
+	ATTRMAP_ENTRY_ITEM,
+};
+
+struct attribute_map_entry {
+	enum attribute_map_entry_type e_type;
+	uint64_t e_hash;
+	union {
+		b_btree_node e_node;
+		b_queue_entry e_entry;
+	};
+};
+
+struct attribute_map_bucket {
+	struct attribute_map_entry b_base;
+	b_queue b_items;
+};
+
+struct attribute_map_item {
+	struct attribute_map_entry i_base;
+	char *i_name;
+	const struct mie_attribute *i_value;
+};
+
+static B_BTREE_DEFINE_SIMPLE_INSERT(
+	struct attribute_map_entry, e_node, e_hash, put_entry);
+static B_BTREE_DEFINE_SIMPLE_GET(
+	struct attribute_map_entry, uint64_t, e_node, e_hash, get_entry);
+
+void mie_attribute_map_init(struct mie_attribute_map *map)
+{
+	memset(map, 0x0, sizeof *map);
+}
+
+void mie_attribute_map_cleanup(struct mie_attribute_map *map)
+{
+	/* TODO */
+}
+
+static const struct mie_attribute *get_attribute_from_item(
+	const struct attribute_map_item *item, const char *name)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(item->i_name, name)) {
+		return item->i_value;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const struct mie_attribute *get_attribute_from_bucket(
+	const struct attribute_map_bucket *bucket, const char *name)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_first(&bucket->b_items);
+	while (cur) {
+		const struct attribute_map_item *item = b_unbox(
+			const struct attribute_map_item, cur, i_base.e_entry);
+
+		if (!strcmp(item->i_name, name)) {
+			return item->i_value;
+		}
+
+		cur = b_queue_next(cur);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const struct mie_attribute *get_attribute_from_entry(
+	const struct attribute_map_entry *entry, const char *name)
+{
+	switch (entry->e_type) {
+	case ATTRMAP_ENTRY_ITEM:
+		return get_attribute_from_item(
+			(const struct attribute_map_item *)entry, name);
+	case ATTRMAP_ENTRY_BUCKET:
+		return get_attribute_from_bucket(
+			(const struct attribute_map_bucket *)entry, name);
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+const struct mie_attribute *mie_attribute_map_get(
+	const struct mie_attribute_map *map, const char *name)
+{
+	uint64_t name_hash = b_hash_cstr(name);
+	struct attribute_map_entry *entry = get_entry(&map->m_entries, name_hash);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return get_attribute_from_entry(entry, name);
+}
+
+static struct attribute_map_bucket *convert_item_to_bucket(
+	struct mie_attribute_map *map, struct attribute_map_item *item)
+{
+	struct attribute_map_bucket *bucket = malloc(sizeof *bucket);
+	if (!bucket) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_btree_delete(&map->m_entries, &item->i_base.e_node);
+	memset(bucket, 0x0, sizeof *bucket);
+
+	bucket->b_base.e_type = ATTRMAP_ENTRY_BUCKET;
+	bucket->b_base.e_hash = item->i_base.e_hash;
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&bucket->b_items, &item->i_base.e_entry);
+	put_entry(&map->m_entries, &bucket->b_base);
+
+	return bucket;
+}
+
+static struct attribute_map_item *create_item(
+	const char *name, uint64_t name_hash, const struct mie_attribute *attrib)
+{
+	struct attribute_map_item *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+
+	out->i_value = attrib;
+	out->i_base.e_type = ATTRMAP_ENTRY_ITEM;
+	out->i_base.e_hash = name_hash;
+	out->i_name = b_strdup(name);
+	if (!out->i_name) {
+		free(out);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_attribute_map_put(
+	struct mie_attribute_map *map, const char *name,
+	const struct mie_attribute *value, enum mie_attribute_map_flags flags)
+{
+	uint64_t name_hash = b_hash_cstr(name);
+	struct attribute_map_entry *entry = get_entry(&map->m_entries, name_hash);
+	struct attribute_map_item *item = NULL;
+	struct attribute_map_bucket *bucket = NULL;
+	enum mie_status status = MIE_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (!entry) {
+		item = create_item(name, name_hash, value);
+		if (!item) {
+			return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+
+		put_entry(&map->m_entries, &item->i_base);
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (entry->e_type == ATTRMAP_ENTRY_ITEM) {
+		item = (struct attribute_map_item *)entry;
+		if (!strcmp(item->i_name, name)) {
+			status = MIE_ERR_NAME_EXISTS;
+
+			if (flags & MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE) {
+				item->i_value = value;
+				status = MIE_SUCCESS;
+			}
+
+			return status;
+		}
+
+		bucket = convert_item_to_bucket(map, item);
+	} else {
+		bucket = (struct attribute_map_bucket *)entry;
+	}
+
+	item = create_item(name, name_hash, value);
+	if (!item) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&bucket->b_items, &item->i_base.e_entry);
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_attribute_map_iterator_begin(
+	struct mie_attribute_map_iterator *it, const struct mie_attribute_map *map)
+{
+	memset(it, 0x0, sizeof *it);
+	it->_n = b_btree_first(&map->m_entries);
+	if (!it->_n) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_DATA;
+	}
+
+	struct attribute_map_entry *entry
+		= b_unbox(struct attribute_map_entry, it->_n, e_node);
+	struct attribute_map_item *item = NULL;
+	struct attribute_map_bucket *bucket = NULL;
+
+	switch (entry->e_type) {
+	case ATTRMAP_ENTRY_ITEM:
+		item = (struct attribute_map_item *)entry;
+		it->it_name = item->i_name;
+		it->it_value = item->i_value;
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	case ATTRMAP_ENTRY_BUCKET:
+		bucket = (struct attribute_map_bucket *)entry;
+		it->_e = b_queue_first(&bucket->b_items);
+		item = b_unbox(struct attribute_map_item, it->_e, i_base.e_entry);
+		it->it_name = item->i_name;
+		it->it_value = item->i_value;
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	default:
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_STATE;
+	}
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_attribute_map_iterator_move_next(
+	struct mie_attribute_map_iterator *it)
+{
+	struct attribute_map_entry *next_entry = NULL;
+	struct attribute_map_item *next_item = NULL;
+	struct attribute_map_bucket *next_bucket = NULL;
+
+	if (it->_e) {
+		it->_e = b_queue_next(it->_e);
+		next_entry = b_unbox(struct attribute_map_entry, it->_e, e_entry);
+	} else if (it->_n) {
+		it->_n = b_btree_next(it->_n);
+		next_entry = b_unbox(struct attribute_map_entry, it->_n, e_node);
+	} else {
+		memset(it, 0x0, sizeof *it);
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_DATA;
+	}
+
+	if (!next_entry) {
+		memset(it, 0x0, sizeof *it);
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_DATA;
+	}
+
+	switch (next_entry->e_type) {
+	case ATTRMAP_ENTRY_ITEM:
+		next_item = (struct attribute_map_item *)next_entry;
+		break;
+	case ATTRMAP_ENTRY_BUCKET:
+		next_bucket = (struct attribute_map_bucket *)next_item;
+		it->_e = b_queue_first(&next_bucket->b_items);
+		next_item = b_unbox(
+			struct attribute_map_item, it->_e, i_base.e_entry);
+		break;
+	default:
+		memset(it, 0x0, sizeof *it);
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_STATE;
+	}
+
+	it->it_name = next_item->i_name;
+	it->it_value = next_item->i_value;
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}

mie/attribute/attribute.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+
+bool mie_attribute_check_name(
+	const struct mie_attribute *attrib, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *attrib_name)
+{
+	if (!attrib || !attrib->a_def) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return mie_attribute_definition_check_name(
+		attrib->a_def, dialect_name, attrib_name);
+}

mie/ctx.c

@@ -2,12 +2,19 @@
 #include <blue/ds/hashmap.h>
 #include <blue/ds/list.h>
 #include <blue/ds/string.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/diag/class.h>
+#include <mie/diag/diag.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/index.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/pass/pass-definition.h>
+#include <mie/pass/pass.h>
 #include <mie/trait/trait-definition.h>
 #include <mie/trait/trait.h>
 #include <mie/type/function.h>
@@ -25,6 +32,18 @@
 	MIE_ID(0xf5, 0x4e, 0xc5, 0x8c, 0xc0, 0x1e, 0x48, 0x47, 0xb5, 0xf4,     \
 	       0x7b, 0xb9, 0x6b, 0x47, 0xca, 0x48)
 
+#define TRAIT_NS_ID                                                            \
+	MIE_ID(0xeb, 0x02, 0xcc, 0xe5, 0x32, 0x80, 0x4e, 0xc3, 0x84, 0xf3,     \
+	       0xc0, 0x07, 0x72, 0xf0, 0x4c, 0xca)
+
+#define ATTRIBUTE_NS_ID                                                        \
+	MIE_ID(0xc6, 0x94, 0x38, 0x34, 0xdb, 0x08, 0x45, 0xc7, 0xb9, 0x89,     \
+	       0x69, 0x82, 0x7a, 0x9d, 0x42, 0xd8)
+
+#define PASS_NS_ID                                                             \
+	MIE_ID(0x76, 0xfc, 0xdd, 0xb5, 0xc0, 0x20, 0x47, 0x13, 0x8d, 0xfa,     \
+	       0x3f, 0x28, 0x2f, 0x81, 0x6d, 0x7d)
+
 struct mie_ctx *mie_ctx_create(void)
 {
 	struct mie_ctx *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
@@ -41,20 +60,41 @@ struct mie_ctx *mie_ctx_create(void)
 	mie_id types_ns = TYPE_NS_ID;
 	mie_id_map_init(&out->ctx_types, &types_ns);
 
-	out->ctx_ints = mie_int_cache_create();
-	out->ctx_floats = mie_float_cache_create();
-	out->ctx_indices = mie_index_cache_create();
-	out->ctx_strings = mie_string_cache_create();
+	mie_id traits_ns = TRAIT_NS_ID;
+	mie_id_map_init(&out->ctx_traits, &traits_ns);
+
+	mie_id attributes_ns = ATTRIBUTE_NS_ID;
+	mie_id_map_init(&out->ctx_attributes, &attributes_ns);
+
+	mie_id pass_ns = PASS_NS_ID;
+	mie_id_map_init(&out->ctx_passes, &pass_ns);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_ctx_create_op(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect, const char *op)
+{
+	const struct mie_op_definition *def
+		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(ctx, dialect, op);
+	if (!def) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op *out = mie_op_create();
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out->op_flags |= MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED;
+	out->op_info = def;
 
 	return out;
 }
 
 bool mie_ctx_resolve_op(const struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *op)
 {
-	bool fully_resolved = MIE_TEST_FLAGS(
-		op->op_flags, MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED | MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED);
-
-	if (fully_resolved) {
+	if (op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -84,11 +124,10 @@ bool mie_ctx_resolve_op(const struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *op)
 
 	const struct mie_op_definition *op_info
 		= mie_dialect_get_op(dialect, op_name);
-	if (!op) {
+	if (!op_info) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	op->op_dialect = dialect;
 	op->op_info = op_info;
 
 	free(op->op_name);
@@ -109,6 +148,27 @@ struct mie_dialect *mie_ctx_get_dialect(const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *n
 	return b_unbox(struct mie_dialect, target, d_id);
 }
 
+const struct mie_op_definition *mie_ctx_get_op_definition(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name, const char *op_name)
+{
+	b_rope dialect_name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(dialect_name);
+	mie_id id;
+	mie_id_init_ns(
+		&id, mie_id_map_get_ns(&ctx->ctx_dialects), &dialect_name_rope);
+
+	mie_id *target = mie_id_map_get(&ctx->ctx_dialects, &id);
+	struct mie_dialect *dialect = b_unbox(struct mie_dialect, target, d_id);
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_rope op_name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(op_name);
+	mie_id_init_ns(&id, mie_id_map_get_ns(&dialect->d_ops), &op_name_rope);
+	target = mie_id_map_get(&dialect->d_ops, &id);
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_op_definition, target, op_id);
+}
+
 struct mie_type_definition *mie_ctx_get_type_definition(
 	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name, const char *type_name)
 {
@@ -151,6 +211,54 @@ const struct mie_trait_definition *mie_ctx_get_trait_definition(
 	return b_unbox(struct mie_trait_definition, target, tr_id);
 }
 
+const struct mie_attribute_definition *mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *attribute_name)
+{
+	b_rope dialect_name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(dialect_name);
+	mie_id id;
+	mie_id_init_ns(
+		&id, mie_id_map_get_ns(&ctx->ctx_dialects), &dialect_name_rope);
+
+	mie_id *target = mie_id_map_get(&ctx->ctx_dialects, &id);
+	struct mie_dialect *dialect = b_unbox(struct mie_dialect, target, d_id);
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_rope attribute_name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(attribute_name);
+	mie_id_init_ns(
+		&id, mie_id_map_get_ns(&dialect->d_attributes),
+		&attribute_name_rope);
+	target = mie_id_map_get(&dialect->d_attributes, &id);
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_attribute_definition, target, a_id);
+}
+
+const struct mie_interface_definition *mie_ctx_get_interface_definition(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *interface_name)
+{
+	b_rope dialect_name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(dialect_name);
+	mie_id id;
+	mie_id_init_ns(
+		&id, mie_id_map_get_ns(&ctx->ctx_dialects), &dialect_name_rope);
+
+	mie_id *target = mie_id_map_get(&ctx->ctx_dialects, &id);
+	struct mie_dialect *dialect = b_unbox(struct mie_dialect, target, d_id);
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_rope interface_name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(interface_name);
+	mie_id_init_ns(
+		&id, mie_id_map_get_ns(&dialect->d_interfaces),
+		&interface_name_rope);
+	target = mie_id_map_get(&dialect->d_interfaces, &id);
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_interface_definition, target, if_id);
+}
+
 struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_type(
 	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name, const char *type_name)
 {
@@ -187,7 +295,7 @@ struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_type(
 	memset(type, 0x0, sizeof *type);
 
 	type->ty_def = type_info;
-	type->ty_name = b_bstr_fmt("%s.%s", dialect_name, type_name);
+	type->ty_name = b_bstr_fmt(NULL, "%s.%s", dialect_name, type_name);
 
 	if (type_info->ty_init) {
 		type_info->ty_init(type_info, type);
@@ -234,7 +342,7 @@ const struct mie_trait *mie_ctx_get_trait(
 	memset(trait, 0x0, sizeof trait_info->tr_data_size);
 
 	trait->tr_def = trait_info;
-	trait->tr_name = b_bstr_fmt("%s.%s", dialect_name, trait_name);
+	trait->tr_name = b_bstr_fmt(NULL, "%s.%s", dialect_name, trait_name);
 
 	if (trait_info->tr_init) {
 		trait_info->tr_init(trait_info, trait);
@@ -300,24 +408,120 @@ struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_function_type(
 	return (struct mie_type *)new_type;
 }
 
-struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_int(struct mie_ctx *ctx, long long val, size_t nr_bits)
+enum mie_status mie_ctx_register_pass(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_pass_definition *pass)
 {
-	return (struct mie_value *)mie_int_cache_get(
-		ctx->ctx_ints, ctx, val, nr_bits);
+	if (pass->p_data_size < sizeof(struct mie_pass)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	switch (pass->p_type) {
+	case MIE_PASS_ANALYSE:
+	case MIE_PASS_TRANSFORM:
+		break;
+	default:
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	mie_id id;
+	struct mie_id_builder id_builder;
+	mie_id_builder_begin(&id_builder, mie_id_map_get_ns(&ctx->ctx_passes));
+	mie_id_builder_add_cstr(&id_builder, pass->p_name);
+	mie_id_builder_end(&id_builder, &id);
+
+	mie_id *target = mie_id_map_get(&ctx->ctx_passes, &id);
+	if (target) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NAME_EXISTS;
+	}
+
+	pass->p_id = id;
+	mie_id_map_put_id(&ctx->ctx_passes, &pass->p_id);
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_float(struct mie_ctx *ctx, double val, size_t nr_bits)
+enum mie_status mie_ctx_get_pass(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name,
+	const struct mie_attribute_map *args, struct mie_pass **out)
 {
-	return (struct mie_value *)mie_float_cache_get(
-		ctx->ctx_floats, ctx, val, nr_bits);
+	mie_id id;
+	struct mie_id_builder id_builder;
+	mie_id_builder_begin(&id_builder, mie_id_map_get_ns(&ctx->ctx_passes));
+	mie_id_builder_add_cstr(&id_builder, name);
+	mie_id_builder_end(&id_builder, &id);
+
+	mie_id *target = mie_id_map_get(&ctx->ctx_passes, &id);
+	if (!target) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_ENTRY;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_pass_definition *pass_def
+		= b_unbox(struct mie_pass_definition, target, p_id);
+
+	if (pass_def->p_data_size < sizeof(struct mie_pass)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_STATE;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_pass *pass = malloc(pass_def->p_data_size);
+	if (!pass) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	memset(pass, 0x0, pass_def->p_data_size);
+
+	pass->p_def = pass_def;
+
+	enum mie_status status = MIE_SUCCESS;
+	if (pass_def->p_init) {
+		status = pass_def->p_init(pass, args);
+	}
+
+	if (status != MIE_SUCCESS) {
+		free(pass);
+		pass = NULL;
+	}
+
+	*out = pass;
+	return status;
 }
 
-struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_string(struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
+struct mie_diag *mie_ctx_push_diag(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_line_source *src,
+	const struct mie_file_cell *loc, const char *dialect_name,
+	unsigned long diag_class)
 {
-	return (struct mie_value *)mie_string_cache_get(ctx->ctx_strings, ctx, s);
+	struct mie_diag *diag = malloc(sizeof *diag);
+	if (!diag) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_dialect *dialect = mie_ctx_get_dialect(ctx, dialect_name);
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (diag_class >= dialect->d_nr_diag_classes) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(diag, 0x0, sizeof *diag);
+
+	diag->diag_src = src;
+	diag->diag_loc = *loc;
+	diag->diag_parent = dialect;
+	diag->diag_class = &dialect->d_diag_classes[diag_class];
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&ctx->ctx_diag, &diag->diag_entry);
+
+	return diag;
 }
 
-struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_index(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t val)
+struct mie_diag *mie_ctx_pop_diag(struct mie_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	return (struct mie_value *)mie_index_cache_get(ctx->ctx_indices, ctx, val);
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_pop_front(&ctx->ctx_diag);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_diag, entry, diag_entry);
 }

mie/diag/diag.c

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#include <blue/ds/string.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/diag/amendment.h>
+#include <mie/diag/component.h>
+#include <mie/diag/diag.h>
+#include <mie/diag/highlight.h>
+#include <mie/diag/msg.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+struct mie_diag_c_msg *diag_msg_create(const struct mie_diag_msg *content)
+{
+	struct mie_diag_c_msg *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+
+	out->msg_base.c_type = MIE_DIAG_COMPONENT_MSG;
+	out->msg_content = b_strdup(content->msg_content);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+struct mie_diag_c_snippet *diag_snippet_create(
+	unsigned long first_line, unsigned long last_line,
+	const struct mie_diag_amendment *amendments, size_t nr_amendments,
+	const struct mie_diag_highlight *highlights, size_t nr_highlights)
+{
+	struct mie_diag_c_snippet *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+
+	out->s_base.c_type = MIE_DIAG_COMPONENT_SNIPPET;
+	out->s_first_line = first_line;
+	out->s_last_line = last_line;
+
+	out->s_nr_amendments = nr_amendments;
+	out->s_amendments = calloc(nr_amendments, sizeof *amendments);
+	if (!out->s_amendments) {
+		free(out);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	memcpy(out->s_amendments, amendments, nr_amendments * sizeof *amendments);
+
+	out->s_nr_highlights = nr_highlights;
+	out->s_highlights = calloc(nr_highlights, sizeof *highlights);
+	if (!out->s_highlights) {
+		free(out->s_amendments);
+		free(out);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	memcpy(out->s_highlights, highlights, nr_highlights * sizeof *highlights);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+void mie_diag_set_location(
+	struct mie_diag *diag, unsigned long row, unsigned long col)
+{
+	diag->diag_loc.c_row = row;
+	diag->diag_loc.c_row = col;
+}
+
+void mie_diag_push_msg(
+	struct mie_diag *diag, struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name,
+	unsigned long msg, ...)
+{
+	struct mie_dialect *dialect = mie_ctx_get_dialect(ctx, dialect_name);
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (msg >= dialect->d_nr_diag_msgs) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_diag_msg *msg_info = &dialect->d_diag_msgs[msg];
+
+	struct mie_diag_c_msg *c_msg = diag_msg_create(msg_info);
+	if (!c_msg) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&diag->diag_components, &c_msg->msg_base.c_entry);
+}
+
+void mie_diag_push_snippet(
+	struct mie_diag *diag, unsigned long first_line, unsigned long last_line,
+	const struct mie_diag_amendment *amendments, size_t nr_amendments,
+	const struct mie_diag_highlight *highlights, size_t nr_highlights)
+{
+	struct mie_diag_c_snippet *c_snippet = diag_snippet_create(
+		first_line, last_line, amendments, nr_amendments, highlights,
+		nr_highlights);
+	if (!c_snippet) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&diag->diag_components, &c_snippet->s_base.c_entry);
+}

mie/diag/diag.h

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef _DIAG_DIAG_H_
+#define _DIAG_DIAG_H_
+
+#include <blue/core/queue.h>
+
+#endif

mie/dialect/arith/addf.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
-#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
-#include <mie/macros.h>
-
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_addf, "addf")
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/arith/arith.c

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_arith, "arith")
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_arith_int);
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_arith_float);
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_arith, struct mie_dialect, "arith")
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_arith_addi);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_arith_cmpi);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_arith_addf);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_arith_constant);
 MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/arith/float-cache.c

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <blue/core/btree.h>
-#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -145,8 +146,10 @@ static struct float_width_cache_entry *float_width_cache_entry_create(
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	out->e_value.f_base.v_type = mie_arith_float_get_type(ctx, width);
-	if (!out->e_value.f_base.v_type) {
+	out->e_value.f_base.a_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "float");
+	out->e_value.f_type = mie_ctx_get_float_type(ctx, width);
+	if (!out->e_value.f_type) {
 		free(out);
 		return NULL;
 	}

mie/dialect/arith/int-cache.c

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <blue/core/btree.h>
-#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -70,9 +71,11 @@ static struct int_width_cache_entry *int_width_cache_entry_create(
 
 	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
 
+	out->e_value.i_base.a_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "int");
 	out->e_value.i_val.v_small = value;
-	out->e_value.i_base.v_type = mie_arith_int_get_type(ctx, width);
-	if (!out->e_value.i_base.v_type) {
+	out->e_value.i_type = mie_ctx_get_int_type(ctx, width);
+	if (!out->e_value.i_type) {
 		free(out);
 		return NULL;
 	}

mie/dialect/arith/op/addf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args) != 2) {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_op_arg *left = &op->op_args.items[0];
+	const struct mie_op_arg *right = &op->op_args.items[1];
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, left, false);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, right, false);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_type(printer, mie_op_arg_get_type(left));
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_addf, "addf")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/arith/op/addi.c

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args) != 2) {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_op_arg *left = &op->op_args.items[0];
+	const struct mie_op_arg *right = &op->op_args.items[1];
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, left, false);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, right, false);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_type(printer, mie_op_arg_get_type(left));
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_register *mie_arith_addi_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *left,
+	struct mie_register *right, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_register *args[] = {left, right};
+	const size_t nr_args = sizeof args / sizeof args[0];
+
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "arith", "addi", args, nr_args);
+	const struct mie_type *ty = left->reg_type;
+
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, ty);
+	mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_addi, "addi")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/arith/op/cmpi.c

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args) != 2
+	    || MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result) != 1) {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_op_arg *left = &op->op_args.items[0];
+	const struct mie_op_arg *right = &op->op_args.items[1];
+	const struct mie_register *result = &op->op_result.items[0];
+	const struct mie_attribute *pred_attr
+		= mie_attribute_map_get(&op->op_attrib, "predicate");
+	long long pred;
+	if (!mie_int_get_value(pred_attr, &pred)) {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+
+	switch (pred) {
+	case 0:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "eq", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "ne", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "slt", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "sle", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "sgt", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 5:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "sge", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "ult", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "ule", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "ugt", NULL);
+		break;
+	case 9:
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "uge", NULL);
+		break;
+	default:
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, left, false);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, right, false);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_type(printer, mie_op_arg_get_type(left));
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_cmpi, "cmpi")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/arith/op/constant.c

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	const struct mie_attribute *value
+		= mie_attribute_map_get(&op->op_attrib, "value");
+	if (!value) {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_type *type = NULL;
+	if (mie_attribute_check_name(value, "builtin", "int")) {
+		const struct mie_int *i = (const struct mie_int *)value;
+		b_stream_write_fmt(
+			printer->p_stream, NULL, " %lld : ", i->i_val.v_small);
+		type = i->i_type;
+	} else if (mie_attribute_check_name(value, "builtin", "float")) {
+		const struct mie_float *f = (const struct mie_float *)value;
+		double d;
+		mie_float_get_value(value, &d);
+		b_stream_write_fmt(printer->p_stream, NULL, " %g : ", d);
+		type = f->f_type;
+	} else {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	mie_printer_print_type(printer, type);
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_i_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "arith", "constant", NULL, 0);
+	const struct mie_type *ty
+		= mie_ctx_get_int_type(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), 32);
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, ty);
+
+	mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+
+	struct mie_attribute *val
+		= mie_ctx_get_int(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), value, 32);
+	mie_attribute_map_put(&op->op_attrib, "value", val, MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_f_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "arith", "constant", NULL, 0);
+	const struct mie_type *ty
+		= mie_ctx_get_int_type(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), 32);
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, ty);
+
+	mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+
+	struct mie_attribute *val
+		= mie_ctx_get_float(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), value, 32);
+	mie_attribute_map_put(&op->op_attrib, "value", val, MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_constant, "constant")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/attribute/array.c

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/parse/parser.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(
+	const struct mie_attribute *value, struct mie_printer *out)
+{
+	const struct mie_array *array = (const struct mie_array *)value;
+
+	if (!(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED)) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, "#builtin.array<", NULL);
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, '[');
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(array->a_items); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, ',');
+		}
+
+		b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, ' ');
+		mie_printer_print_attribute(out, array->a_items.items[i]);
+	}
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(array->a_items) != 0) {
+		b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, ' ');
+	}
+	b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, ']');
+
+	if (!(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED)) {
+		b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, '>');
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static struct mie_array *array_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	struct mie_array *array = malloc(sizeof *array);
+	if (!array) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(array, 0x0, sizeof *array);
+
+	array->a_base.a_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "array");
+
+	return array;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(
+	struct mie_parser *ctx, const struct mie_attribute **out)
+{
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_symbol(ctx, MIE_SYM_LEFT_BRACKET)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_array *array = array_create(mie_parser_get_mie_ctx(ctx));
+	if (!array) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_attribute *item = NULL;
+
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_attribute(ctx, &item)) {
+		free(array);
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_FORMAT;
+	}
+
+	mie_vector_push_back(array->a_items, &item, NULL);
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (mie_parser_parse_symbol(ctx, MIE_SYM_RIGHT_BRACKET)) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (!mie_parser_parse_symbol(ctx, MIE_SYM_COMMA)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!mie_parser_parse_attribute(ctx, &item)) {
+			free(array);
+			return MIE_ERR_BAD_FORMAT;
+		}
+
+		mie_vector_push_back(array->a_items, &item, NULL);
+	}
+
+	*out = (struct mie_attribute *)array;
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_array, "array")
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_array);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/attribute/float.c

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include "../float.h"
+
+#include <blue/core/bstr.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/parse/parser.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(
+	const struct mie_attribute *value, struct mie_printer *out)
+{
+	const struct mie_float *float_val = (const struct mie_float *)value;
+	const struct float_type *float_ty
+		= (const struct float_type *)float_val->f_type;
+	if (!(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED)) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, "#builtin.float<", NULL);
+	}
+
+	switch (float_ty->f_width) {
+	case MIE_FLOAT_32:
+		b_stream_write_fmt(
+			out->p_stream, NULL, "%f : f%zu", float_val->f_val.v_32,
+			float_ty->f_width);
+		break;
+	case MIE_FLOAT_64:
+		b_stream_write_fmt(
+			out->p_stream, NULL, "%lf : f%zu",
+			float_val->f_val.v_64, float_ty->f_width);
+		break;
+	default:
+		b_stream_write_fmt(
+			out->p_stream, NULL, "NaN : f%zu", float_ty->f_width);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (!(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED)) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, ">", NULL);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(
+	struct mie_parser *ctx, const struct mie_attribute **out)
+{
+	double value = 0;
+	struct mie_file_span span;
+
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_float(ctx, &value, &span)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_symbol(ctx, MIE_SYM_COLON)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_type *type = NULL;
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_type(ctx, &type)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	size_t width = mie_float_type_get_width(type);
+	if (width == (size_t)-1) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_attribute *v
+		= mie_ctx_get_float(mie_parser_get_mie_ctx(ctx), value, width);
+	if (!v) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	*out = v;
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool mie_float_get_value(const struct mie_attribute *attrib, double *out)
+{
+	if (!mie_attribute_check_name(attrib, "builtin", "float")) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_float *v = (const struct mie_float *)attrib;
+
+	switch (mie_float_type_get_width(v->f_type)) {
+	case MIE_FLOAT_32:
+		*out = v->f_val.v_32;
+		break;
+	case MIE_FLOAT_64:
+		*out = v->f_val.v_64;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_float, "float")
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_float);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/attribute/int.c

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "../int.h"
+
+#include <blue/core/bstr.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/parse/parser.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(
+	const struct mie_attribute *value, struct mie_printer *out)
+{
+	const struct mie_int *int_val = (const struct mie_int *)value;
+	const struct int_type *int_ty = (const struct int_type *)int_val->i_type;
+	bool abbrev = ((out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) != 0);
+
+	if (!abbrev) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, "#builtin.int<", NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (int_ty->i_width <= 64) {
+		b_stream_write_fmt(
+			out->p_stream, NULL, "%zu", int_val->i_val.v_small,
+			int_ty->i_width);
+	} else {
+		b_stream_write_fmt(out->p_stream, NULL, "INF", int_ty->i_width);
+	}
+
+	if (int_ty->i_width != 64 || !abbrev) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+
+		if (abbrev) {
+			b_stream_write_fmt(
+				out->p_stream, NULL, "i%zu", int_ty->i_width);
+		} else {
+			b_stream_write_fmt(
+				out->p_stream, NULL, "!builtin.int<%zu>",
+				int_ty->i_width);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!abbrev) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, ">", NULL);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(
+	struct mie_parser *ctx, const struct mie_attribute **out)
+{
+	long long value = 0;
+	struct mie_file_span span;
+
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_int(ctx, &value, &span)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_type *type = NULL;
+	size_t width = (size_t)-1;
+
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_symbol(ctx, MIE_SYM_COLON)) {
+		width = 64;
+	} else if (!mie_parser_parse_type(ctx, &type)) {
+		return false;
+	} else {
+		width = mie_int_type_get_width(type);
+	}
+
+	if (width == (size_t)-1) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_attribute *v
+		= mie_ctx_get_int(mie_parser_get_mie_ctx(ctx), value, width);
+	if (!v) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	*out = v;
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool mie_int_get_value(const struct mie_attribute *attrib, long long *out)
+{
+	if (!mie_attribute_check_name(attrib, "builtin", "int")) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_int *v = (const struct mie_int *)attrib;
+	*out = v->i_val.v_small;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_int, "int")
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_int);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/attribute/string.c

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/parse/parser.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(
+	const struct mie_attribute *value, struct mie_printer *out)
+{
+	const struct mie_string *str = (const struct mie_string *)value;
+	if (out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) {
+		b_stream_write_fmt(out->p_stream, NULL, "\"%s\"", str->str_val);
+	} else {
+		b_stream_write_fmt(
+			out->p_stream, NULL, "#builtin.string<\"%s\">",
+			str->str_val);
+	}
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(
+	struct mie_parser *ctx, const struct mie_attribute **out)
+{
+	b_string *str = mie_parser_get_tempstr(ctx);
+	struct mie_file_span span;
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_string(ctx, str, &span)) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_attribute *v = mie_ctx_get_string(
+		mie_parser_get_mie_ctx(ctx), b_string_ptr(str));
+
+	if (!v) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	*out = v;
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+const char *mie_string_get_cstr(const struct mie_attribute *attrib)
+{
+	if (!mie_attribute_check_name(attrib, "builtin", "string")) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_string *str = (const struct mie_string *)attrib;
+	return str->str_val;
+}
+
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_string, "string")
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_string);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_END();

mie/dialect/builtin/attribute/type.c

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/parse/parser.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+struct mie_attribute *mie_type_attr_create(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const struct mie_type *ty)
+{
+	struct mie_type_attr *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+
+	out->ty_base.a_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "type");
+	out->ty_value = ty;
+
+	return (struct mie_attribute *)out;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status print(
+	const struct mie_attribute *value, struct mie_printer *out)
+{
+	const struct mie_type_attr *ty = (const struct mie_type_attr *)value;
+
+	if (!(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED)) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, "#builtin.type<", NULL);
+	}
+
+	mie_printer_print_type(out, ty->ty_value);
+
+	if (!(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED)) {
+		b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, '>');
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(
+	struct mie_parser *ctx, const struct mie_attribute **out)
+{
+	struct mie_type_attr *ty = (struct mie_type_attr *)mie_type_attr_create(
+		mie_parser_get_mie_ctx(ctx), NULL);
+	if (!ty) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_type *type = NULL;
+
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_type(ctx, &type)) {
+		free(ty);
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_FORMAT;
+	}
+
+	ty->ty_value = type;
+
+	*out = (struct mie_attribute *)ty;
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+const struct mie_type *mie_type_attr_get_type(const struct mie_attribute *attrib)
+{
+	if (!mie_attribute_check_name(attrib, "builtin", "type")) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_type_attr *ty = (const struct mie_type_attr *)attrib;
+	return ty->ty_value;
+}
+
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_type, "type")
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_type_attr);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/builtin.c

@@ -1,7 +1,107 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/diag/class.h>
+#include <mie/diag/msg.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_builtin, "builtin")
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_string);
+struct builtin_dialect {
+	struct mie_dialect d_base;
+	struct mie_string_cache *ctx_strings;
+	struct mie_int_cache *ctx_ints;
+	struct mie_float_cache *ctx_floats;
+	struct mie_index_cache *ctx_indices;
+};
+
+static enum mie_status init(struct mie_dialect *d)
+{
+	struct builtin_dialect *dialect = (struct builtin_dialect *)d;
+	dialect->ctx_strings = mie_string_cache_create();
+	dialect->ctx_ints = mie_int_cache_create();
+	dialect->ctx_floats = mie_float_cache_create();
+	dialect->ctx_indices = mie_index_cache_create();
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status cleanup(struct mie_dialect *d)
+{
+	struct builtin_dialect *dialect = (struct builtin_dialect *)d;
+	mie_string_cache_destroy(dialect->ctx_strings);
+	mie_int_cache_destroy(dialect->ctx_ints);
+	mie_float_cache_destroy(dialect->ctx_floats);
+	mie_index_cache_destroy(dialect->ctx_indices);
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_int(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, long long val, size_t nr_bits)
+{
+	struct builtin_dialect *dialect
+		= (struct builtin_dialect *)mie_ctx_get_dialect(ctx, "builtin");
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return (struct mie_attribute *)mie_int_cache_get(
+		dialect->ctx_ints, ctx, val, nr_bits);
+}
+
+struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_float(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, double val, size_t nr_bits)
+{
+	struct builtin_dialect *dialect
+		= (struct builtin_dialect *)mie_ctx_get_dialect(ctx, "builtin");
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return (struct mie_attribute *)mie_float_cache_get(
+		dialect->ctx_floats, ctx, val, nr_bits);
+}
+
+struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_string(struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
+{
+	struct builtin_dialect *dialect
+		= (struct builtin_dialect *)mie_ctx_get_dialect(ctx, "builtin");
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return (struct mie_attribute *)mie_string_cache_get(
+		dialect->ctx_strings, ctx, s);
+}
+
+struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_index(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t val)
+{
+	struct builtin_dialect *dialect
+		= (struct builtin_dialect *)mie_ctx_get_dialect(ctx, "builtin");
+	if (!dialect) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return (struct mie_attribute *)mie_index_cache_get(
+		dialect->ctx_indices, ctx, val);
+}
+
+MIE_DIAG_CLASS_LIST_EXTERN(mie_builtin_diag);
+MIE_DIAG_MSG_LIST_EXTERN(mie_builtin_msg);
+
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_builtin, struct builtin_dialect, "builtin")
+	MIE_DIALECT_INIT(init);
+	MIE_DIALECT_CLEANUP(cleanup);
+	MIE_DIALECT_DIAG_CLASS_LIST(mie_builtin_diag);
+	MIE_DIALECT_DIAG_MSG_LIST(mie_builtin_msg);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_builtin_isolated_from_above);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_builtin_symbol_table);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_int);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_float);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_index);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_string);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_int);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_float);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_type);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_string);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_INTERFACE(mie_builtin_symbol);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_array);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_builtin_module);
 MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/diag.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include <mie/diag/class.h>
+#include <mie/diag/msg.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+
+#define MIE_DIAG_CLASS_PREFIX MIE_BUILTIN_E
+#define MIE_DIAG_MSG_PREFIX   MIE_BUILTIN_MSG
+
+MIE_DIAG_CLASS_LIST_BEGIN(mie_builtin_diag)
+	MIE_DIAG_CLASS(UNRECOGNISED_TOKEN, ERROR, "Unrecognised token")
+	MIE_DIAG_CLASS(UNRESOLVED_VALUE, ERROR, "Unresolved value")
+	MIE_DIAG_CLASS(UNRESOLVED_SUCCESSOR, ERROR, "Unresolved successor")
+MIE_DIAG_CLASS_LIST_END(mie_builtin_diag)
+
+MIE_DIAG_MSG_LIST_BEGIN(mie_builtin_msg)
+	MIE_DIAG_MSG(UNRECOGNISED_TOKEN, "encountered an unrecognised token.")
+	MIE_DIAG_MSG(UNRESOLVED_VALUE, "cannot resolve this value reference.")
+	MIE_DIAG_MSG(
+		CANNOT_FIND_BLOCK,
+		"cannot find a block with this name in this region.")
+	MIE_DIAG_MSG(
+		VALUE_DEFINED_IN_NON_DOMINANT_BLOCK,
+		"this value cannot be referenced here, as it is defined in a "
+		"block that does not dominate this block.")
+	MIE_DIAG_MSG(
+		VALUE_DEFINED_AFTER_USE,
+		"this value cannot be referenced here, as it is not defined "
+		"until later in this block.")
+	MIE_DIAG_MSG(
+		VALUE_DEFINED_OUTSIDE_ISOLATED_REGION,
+		"this value cannot be referenced here, as this region is "
+		"isolated from above, and the definition for this value is "
+		"outside of this region.")
+	MIE_DIAG_MSG(
+		VALUE_DEFINED_IN_BLOCK, "the value is defined in this block.")
+MIE_DIAG_MSG_LIST_END(mie_builtin_msg)

mie/dialect/builtin/float.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BUILTIN_FLOAT_H_
+#define _BUILTIN_FLOAT_H_
+
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+
+struct float_type {
+	struct mie_type f_base;
+	size_t f_width;
+};
+
+#endif

mie/dialect/builtin/index-cache.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <blue/core/btree.h>
 #include <mie/ctx.h>
-#include <mie/dialect/index.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -28,12 +28,9 @@ static struct index_cache_entry *index_cache_entry_create(
 
 	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
 
+	out->e_value.i_base.a_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "index");
 	out->e_value.i_value = val;
-	out->e_value.i_base.v_type = mie_ctx_get_type(ctx, "index", "index");
-	if (!out->e_value.i_base.v_type) {
-		free(out);
-		return NULL;
-	}
 
 	return out;
 }

mie/dialect/builtin/int.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _BUILTIN_INT_H_
+#define _BUILTIN_INT_H_
+
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+
+struct int_type {
+	struct mie_type i_base;
+	size_t i_width;
+};
+
+#endif

mie/dialect/builtin/interface/symbol.c

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface-definition.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+
+MIE_INTERFACE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_symbol, "symbol")
+	MIE_INTERFACE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_symbol);
+MIE_INTERFACE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/op/module.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *out, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, ' ');
+
+	struct mie_region *region = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	if (region) {
+		mie_printer_print_region(out, region, 0);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_module, "module")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_TRAIT("builtin", "isolated-from-above");
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/string-cache.c

@@ -17,12 +17,8 @@ static struct mie_string *mie_string_create(
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	out->str_base.v_type = mie_ctx_get_type(ctx, "builtin", "string");
-	if (!out->str_base.v_type) {
-		free(out);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+	out->str_base.a_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "string");
 	out->str_val = b_strdup(s);
 	if (!out->str_val) {
 		return NULL;

mie/dialect/builtin/trait/symbol-table.c

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait-definition.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait.h>
+
+static enum mie_status validate(
+	const struct mie_trait_definition *trait_def,
+	const struct mie_trait *trait, const struct mie_trait_target *target)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* builtin.isolated-from-above trait:
+ * regions of an op that has this trait cannot capture or reference
+ * values defined in the enclosing scope. */
+MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_symbol_table, "symbol-table")
+	MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_TARGETS(MIE_TRAIT_TARGET_OP | MIE_TRAIT_TARGET_TYPE);
+	MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_symbol_table);
+	MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_VALIDATE(validate);
+MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/type/float.c

@@ -1,47 +1,18 @@
+#include "../float.h"
+
 #include <blue/core/bstr.h>
 #include <mie/ctx.h>
-#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 #include <mie/print/printer.h>
 #include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
 #include <mie/type/type.h>
-#include <mie/value.h>
 
-struct float_type {
-	struct mie_type f_base;
-	size_t f_width;
-};
-
-static enum mie_status value_print(
-	const struct mie_value *value, struct mie_printer *out)
-{
-	struct float_type *float_ty = (struct float_type *)value->v_type;
-	struct mie_float *float_val = (struct mie_float *)value;
-	switch (float_ty->f_width) {
-	case MIE_FLOAT_32:
-		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "%f : f%zu", float_val->f_val.v_32,
-			float_ty->f_width);
-		break;
-	case MIE_FLOAT_64:
-		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "%lf : f%zu",
-			float_val->f_val.v_64, float_ty->f_width);
-		break;
-	default:
-		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "NaN : f%zu", float_ty->f_width);
-		break;
-	}
-
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-struct mie_type *mie_arith_float_get_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
+struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_float_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
 {
 	struct mie_type_definition *type_info
-		= mie_ctx_get_type_definition(ctx, "arith", "float");
+		= mie_ctx_get_type_definition(ctx, "builtin", "float");
 	if (!type_info) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -63,7 +34,7 @@ struct mie_type *mie_arith_float_get_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	type->f_base.ty_name = b_bstr_fmt("arith.float<%zu>", bit_width);
+	type->f_base.ty_name = b_bstr_fmt(NULL, "builtin.float<%zu>", bit_width);
 	type->f_base.ty_instance_size = sizeof(struct mie_float);
 	type->f_width = bit_width;
 
@@ -71,9 +42,9 @@ struct mie_type *mie_arith_float_get_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
 	return (struct mie_type *)type;
 }
 
-size_t mie_arith_float_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type)
+size_t mie_float_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type)
 {
-	if (strcmp(type->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, "arith") != 0) {
+	if (strcmp(type->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, "builtin") != 0) {
 		return (size_t)-1;
 	}
 
@@ -90,24 +61,20 @@ static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_type *ty, struct mie_printer *out)
 	const struct float_type *float_type = (const struct float_type *)ty;
 	b_stream_write_fmt(
 		out->p_stream, NULL,
-		(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) ? "f%zu"
-							 : "arith.float<%zu>",
+		(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) ? "f%zu" : "!builtin.float<%zu>",
 		float_type->f_width);
 
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static enum mie_status parse(
-	const struct mie_type_definition *def, struct mie_parser *parser,
-	struct mie_type **out)
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, const struct mie_type **out)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_float, "float")
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_float, "float")
 	// MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_FLAGS(MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARAMETISED);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct float_type);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_VALUE_PRINT(value_print);
 MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/type/index.c

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+
+struct index_type {
+	struct mie_type i_base;
+};
+
+static void type_init(
+	const struct mie_type_definition *type_info, struct mie_type *type)
+{
+	type->ty_instance_size = sizeof(struct mie_index);
+}
+
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_index, "index")
+	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct index_type);
+	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_INIT(type_init);
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/type/int.c

@@ -1,39 +1,18 @@
+#include "../int.h"
+
 #include <blue/core/bstr.h>
 #include <mie/ctx.h>
-#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 #include <mie/print/printer.h>
 #include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
 #include <mie/type/type.h>
-#include <mie/value.h>
 
-struct int_type {
-	struct mie_type i_base;
-	size_t i_width;
-};
-
-static enum mie_status value_print(
-	const struct mie_value *value, struct mie_printer *out)
-{
-	struct int_type *int_ty = (struct int_type *)value->v_type;
-	struct mie_int *int_val = (struct mie_int *)value;
-	if (int_ty->i_width <= 64) {
-		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "%zu : i%zu",
-			int_val->i_val.v_small, int_ty->i_width);
-	} else {
-		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "INF : i%zu", int_ty->i_width);
-	}
-
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-struct mie_type *mie_arith_int_get_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
+struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_int_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
 {
 	struct mie_type_definition *type_info
-		= mie_ctx_get_type_definition(ctx, "arith", "int");
+		= mie_ctx_get_type_definition(ctx, "builtin", "int");
 	if (!type_info) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -55,7 +34,7 @@ struct mie_type *mie_arith_int_get_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	type->i_base.ty_name = b_bstr_fmt("arith.int<%zu>", bit_width);
+	type->i_base.ty_name = b_bstr_fmt(NULL, "builtin.int<%zu>", bit_width);
 	type->i_base.ty_instance_size = sizeof(struct mie_int);
 	type->i_width = bit_width;
 
@@ -63,9 +42,9 @@ struct mie_type *mie_arith_int_get_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width)
 	return (struct mie_type *)type;
 }
 
-size_t mie_arith_int_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type)
+size_t mie_int_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type)
 {
-	if (strcmp(type->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, "arith") != 0) {
+	if (strcmp(type->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, "builtin") != 0) {
 		return (size_t)-1;
 	}
 
@@ -82,23 +61,21 @@ static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_type *ty, struct mie_printer *out)
 	const struct int_type *int_type = (const struct int_type *)ty;
 	b_stream_write_fmt(
 		out->p_stream, NULL,
-		(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) ? "i%zu" : "arith.int<%zu>",
+		(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) ? "i%zu"
+							 : "!builtin.int<%zu>",
 		int_type->i_width);
 
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static enum mie_status parse(
-	const struct mie_type_definition *def, struct mie_parser *parser,
-	struct mie_type **out)
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, const struct mie_type **out)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_int, "int")
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_int, "int")
 	// MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_FLAGS(MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARAMETISED);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct int_type);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_VALUE_PRINT(value_print);
 MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/type/string.c

@@ -6,15 +6,6 @@
 #include <mie/print/printer.h>
 #include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
 #include <mie/type/type.h>
-#include <mie/value.h>
-
-static enum mie_status value_print(
-	const struct mie_value *value, struct mie_printer *out)
-{
-	const struct mie_string *str = (const struct mie_string *)value;
-	b_stream_write_fmt(out->p_stream, NULL, "\"%s\"", str->str_val);
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
 
 static void type_init(
 	const struct mie_type_definition *type_info, struct mie_type *type)
@@ -24,13 +15,10 @@ static void type_init(
 
 static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_type *ty, struct mie_printer *out)
 {
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(
-	const struct mie_type_definition *def, struct mie_parser *parser,
-	struct mie_type **out)
-{
+	b_stream_write_string(
+		out->p_stream,
+		(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) ? "str" : "!builtin.string",
+		NULL);
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -38,6 +26,4 @@ MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_string, "string")
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_type);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_INIT(type_init);
 	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_VALUE_PRINT(value_print);
 MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/cf/br-cond.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
-#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
-#include <mie/macros.h>
-
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_cf_br_cond, "br-cond")
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/cf/br.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
-#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
-#include <mie/macros.h>
-
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_cf_br, "br")
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/cf/cf.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_cf, "cf")
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_cf, struct mie_dialect, "cf")
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_cf_br);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_cf_br_cond);
 MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/cf/op/br-cond.c

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args) != 1) {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_successors) != 2) {
+		return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_op_arg *cond = &op->op_args.items[0];
+	const struct mie_op_successor *if_true = &op->op_successors.items[0];
+	const struct mie_op_successor *if_false = &op->op_successors.items[1];
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, cond, false);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_op_successor(printer, if_true, true);
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+	mie_printer_print_op_successor(printer, if_false, true);
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_cond_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	struct mie_block *true_block, struct mie_register **true_args,
+	size_t nr_true_args, struct mie_block *false_block,
+	struct mie_register **false_args, size_t nr_false_args)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "cf", "br-cond", &cond, 1);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mie_op_add_successor(op, true_block, true_args, nr_true_args);
+	mie_op_add_successor(op, false_block, false_args, nr_false_args);
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_cf_br_cond, "br-cond")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/cf/op/br.c

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	const struct mie_op_successor *successor = &op->op_successors.items[0];
+
+	mie_printer_print_op_successor(printer, successor, true);
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_block *dest,
+	struct mie_register **dest_args, size_t nr_dest_args)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "cf", "br", NULL, 0);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op_successor *s
+		= mie_op_add_successor(op, dest, dest_args, nr_dest_args);
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_cf_br, "br")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/dialect.c

@@ -11,14 +11,31 @@
 	MIE_ID(0xb9, 0x97, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0x81, 0xd4, 0x45, 0x06, 0x9b, 0x44,     \
 	       0x05, 0x9f, 0xb4, 0x76, 0xf1, 0x2d)
 
-struct mie_dialect *mie_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name)
+#define TRAIT_NS_ID                                                            \
+	MIE_ID(0x5a, 0x11, 0x68, 0x8e, 0x21, 0x1d, 0x4d, 0x5f, 0xb8, 0x6b,     \
+	       0x39, 0x73, 0xb0, 0x1f, 0xce, 0xf7)
+
+#define ATTRIBUTE_NS_ID                                                        \
+	MIE_ID(0x86, 0x76, 0xcb, 0xfb, 0xc8, 0xe5, 0x40, 0x7d, 0xa3, 0x84,     \
+	       0x93, 0xe3, 0xa5, 0x29, 0x74, 0xfe)
+
+#define INTERFACE_NS_ID                                                        \
+	MIE_ID(0xc5, 0x85, 0x7f, 0x8a, 0x7d, 0xe4, 0x4d, 0x03, 0x88, 0x8d,     \
+	       0x34, 0x32, 0xbf, 0x29, 0x5c, 0x72)
+
+struct mie_dialect *mie_dialect_create(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name, size_t size)
 {
-	struct mie_dialect *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (size < sizeof(struct mie_dialect)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_dialect *out = malloc(size);
 	if (!out) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+	memset(out, 0x0, size);
 
 	out->d_name = b_strdup(name);
 	if (!out->d_name) {
@@ -32,6 +49,15 @@ struct mie_dialect *mie_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name)
 	mie_id type_ns = TYPE_NS_ID;
 	mie_id_map_init(&out->d_types, &type_ns);
 
+	mie_id trait_ns = TRAIT_NS_ID;
+	mie_id_map_init(&out->d_traits, &trait_ns);
+
+	mie_id attribute_ns = ATTRIBUTE_NS_ID;
+	mie_id_map_init(&out->d_attributes, &attribute_ns);
+
+	mie_id interface_ns = INTERFACE_NS_ID;
+	mie_id_map_init(&out->d_interfaces, &interface_ns);
+
 	b_rope name_rope = B_ROPE_CSTR(name);
 	mie_id_map_put(&ctx->ctx_dialects, &out->d_id, &name_rope);
 

mie/dialect/func/func.c

@@ -2,21 +2,8 @@
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_func_func, "func")
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()
-
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_func, "func")
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_func, struct mie_dialect, "func")
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_func_function_like);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_func_func);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_func_return);
 MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/func/op/func.c

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-map.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/func.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface-definition.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/type/function.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	const struct mie_attribute *sym_name
+		= mie_attribute_map_get(&op->op_attrib, "sym_name");
+	const struct mie_attribute *function_type_attr
+		= mie_attribute_map_get(&op->op_attrib, "function_type");
+	const char *sym_name_cstr = mie_string_get_cstr(sym_name);
+	const struct mie_type *function_type_g
+		= mie_type_attr_get_type(function_type_attr);
+	const struct mie_function_type *function_ty
+		= (const struct mie_function_type *)function_type_g;
+
+	b_stream_write_fmt(printer->p_stream, NULL, " @%s(", sym_name_cstr);
+
+	const struct mie_region *code = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	const struct mie_block *entry = mie_region_get_first_block(code);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(entry->b_params); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		const struct mie_register *param = &entry->b_params.items[i];
+
+		mie_printer_print_register(printer, param, MIE_PRINT_F_INCLUDE_TYPE);
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ") -> ", NULL);
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(function_ty->func_out) != 1) {
+		b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, '(');
+	}
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(function_ty->func_out); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		const struct mie_type *ty = function_ty->func_out.items[i];
+
+		mie_printer_print_type(printer, ty);
+	}
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(function_ty->func_out) != 1) {
+		b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ')');
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+
+	mie_printer_print_region(
+		printer, code, MIE_PRINT_F_EXCLUDE_FIRST_BLOCK_HEADER);
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_func_func_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, const char *name, struct mie_func_parameter *params,
+	size_t nr_params, const struct mie_type **ret_types, size_t nr_ret_types)
+{
+	const struct mie_type **param_types
+		= calloc(nr_params, sizeof *param_types);
+	if (!param_types) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_params; i++) {
+		param_types[i] = params[i].param_type;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_type *func_type = mie_ctx_get_function_type(
+		mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), param_types, nr_params, ret_types,
+		nr_ret_types);
+	free(param_types);
+
+	if (!func_type) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "func", "func", NULL, 0);
+
+	struct mie_region *region = mie_op_add_region(op);
+	struct mie_block *entry = mie_region_add_block(region);
+	mie_name_map_put(region->r_names, &entry->b_name, "entry", 0);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_params; i++) {
+		struct mie_register *param_reg = mie_block_add_param(entry);
+		mie_name_map_put(
+			region->r_names, &param_reg->reg_name,
+			params[i].param_name, 0);
+		param_reg->reg_type = params[i].param_type;
+		params[i].param_reg = param_reg;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_attribute *sym_name
+		= mie_ctx_get_string(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), name);
+	struct mie_attribute *function_type
+		= mie_type_attr_create(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), func_type);
+
+	mie_attribute_map_put(
+		&op->op_attrib, "sym_name", sym_name, MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+	mie_attribute_map_put(
+		&op->op_attrib, "function_type", function_type,
+		MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_func_func, "func")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_TRAIT("builtin", "isolated-from-above");
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_TRAIT("func", "function-like");
+	MIE_OP_INTERFACE_BEGIN("builtin", "symbol", struct mie_symbol)
+		MIE_OP_INTERFACE_FUNC(sym_get_name) = NULL;
+	MIE_OP_INTERFACE_END()
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/func/op/return.c

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-map.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface-definition.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/type/function.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, &op->op_args.items[i], false);
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_type(
+			printer, mie_op_arg_get_type(&op->op_args.items[i]));
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_func_return, "return")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/func/trait/function-like.c

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait-definition.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait.h>
+
+static enum mie_status validate(
+	const struct mie_trait_definition *trait_def,
+	const struct mie_trait *trait, const struct mie_trait_target *target)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* func.function-like trait:
+ * the op behaves like a func.func. this means that it:
+ *   a) has a single region
+ *   b) that region has one or more blocks representing the body of a function.
+ *   c) the op has sym_name, function_type, and other function-related attributes.
+ */
+MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_func_function_like, "function-like")
+	MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_TARGETS(MIE_TRAIT_TARGET_OP);
+	MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct mie_trait);
+	MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_VALIDATE(validate);
+MIE_TRAIT_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/index/index.c

@@ -1,56 +1,10 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/index.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 #include <mie/print/printer.h>
 #include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
 #include <mie/type/type.h>
-#include <mie/value.h>
 
-struct index_type {
-	struct mie_type i_base;
-};
-
-static enum mie_status value_print(
-	const struct mie_value *value, struct mie_printer *out)
-{
-	struct index_type *index_ty = (struct index_type *)value->v_type;
-	struct mie_index *index_val = (struct mie_index *)value;
-	b_stream_write_fmt(
-		out->p_stream, NULL, "%zu : %s", index_val->i_value,
-		index_ty->i_base.ty_def->ty_name);
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static void type_init(
-	const struct mie_type_definition *type_info, struct mie_type *type)
-{
-	type->ty_instance_size = sizeof(struct mie_index);
-}
-
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_type *ty, struct mie_printer *out)
-{
-	b_stream_write_string(
-		out->p_stream,
-		(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) ? "index" : "index.index",
-		NULL);
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(
-	const struct mie_type_definition *def, struct mie_parser *parser,
-	struct mie_type **out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_index_index, "index")
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct index_type);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_INIT(type_init);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_VALUE_PRINT(value_print);
-MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()
-
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_index, "index")
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_index_index);
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_index, struct mie_dialect, "index")
 MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/memref/memref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/memref.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_memref, struct mie_dialect, "memref")
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_memref_memref);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_memref_load);
+MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/memref/op/load.c

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_addi, "addi")
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_memref_load, "load")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/memref/type/memref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/memref.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+
+enum memref_rank_type {
+	MEMREF_RANK_UNKNOWN = 0,
+	MEMREF_RANK_STATIC,
+	MEMREF_RANK_TYPE,
+};
+
+struct memref_rank {
+	enum memref_rank_type r_ranktype;
+	union {
+		size_t r_static;
+		const struct mie_type *r_type;
+	};
+};
+
+struct memref_type {
+	struct mie_type m_base;
+	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct memref_rank, m_rank);
+};
+
+static void type_init(
+	const struct mie_type_definition *type_info, struct mie_type *type)
+{
+}
+
+static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_type *ty, struct mie_printer *out)
+{
+	b_stream_write_string(
+		out->p_stream,
+		(out->p_flags & MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED) ? "memref" : "memref.memref",
+		NULL);
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, const struct mie_type **out)
+{
+	printf("Parse memref!\n");
+
+	return MIE_ERR_BAD_FORMAT;
+}
+
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_memref_memref, "memref")
+	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_INIT(type_init);
+	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/meta/meta.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_meta, "meta")
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_meta, struct mie_dialect, "meta")
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_meta_source_filename);
 MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/meta/op/source-filename.c

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }

mie/dialect/ptr/op/load.c

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }

mie/dialect/ptr/op/store.c

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }

mie/dialect/ptr/ptr.c

@@ -2,29 +2,7 @@
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 #include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
 
-struct ptr_type {
-	struct mie_type_definition ptr_base;
-};
-
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_type *ty, struct mie_printer *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(
-	const struct mie_type_definition *def, struct mie_parser *parser,
-	struct mie_type **out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_ptr_ptr, "ptr")
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct ptr_type);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()
-
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_ptr, "ptr")
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_ptr, struct mie_dialect, "ptr")
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_ptr_load);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_ptr_store);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_ptr_ptr);

mie/dialect/ptr/type/ptr.c

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
+
+struct ptr_type {
+	struct mie_type_definition ptr_base;
+};
+
+static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_type *ty, struct mie_printer *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_ptr_ptr, "ptr")
+	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_STRUCT(struct ptr_type);
+	MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+MIE_TYPE_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/scf/if.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
-#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
-#include <mie/macros.h>
-
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_scf_if, "if")
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/scf/op/for.c

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }

mie/dialect/scf/op/if.c

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, &op->op_args.items[0], false);
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result) > 0) {
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " -> ", NULL);
+
+		if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result) > 1) {
+			b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, '(');
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_type(printer, op->op_result.items[i].reg_type);
+	}
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result) > 1) {
+		b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, '(');
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+
+	struct mie_region *if_region = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	struct mie_region *else_region = mie_op_get_next_region(op, if_region);
+
+	mie_printer_print_region(printer, if_region, 0);
+
+	if (else_region) {
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " else ", NULL);
+		mie_printer_print_region(printer, else_region, 0);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_scf_if_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	const struct mie_type *result_type, struct mie_region **out_true,
+	struct mie_region **out_false, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "scf", "if", &cond, 1);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (result_type) {
+		struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, result_type);
+		mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+	}
+
+	struct mie_region *r_true = mie_op_add_region(op);
+	struct mie_region *r_false = mie_op_add_region(op);
+
+	if (out_true) {
+		*out_true = r_true;
+	}
+
+	if (out_false) {
+		*out_false = r_false;
+	}
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_scf_if, "if")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/scf/op/yield.c

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, &op->op_args.items[i], false);
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_type(
+			printer, mie_op_arg_get_type(&op->op_args.items[i]));
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
+{
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_scf_yield_put(struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *value)
+{
+	return mie_emitter_put_op(e, "scf", "yield", &value, 1);
+}
+
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_scf_yield, "yield")
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/scf/scf.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_scf, "scf")
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_scf, struct mie_dialect, "scf")
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_scf_if);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_scf_for);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_scf_yield);

mie/dialect/scf/yield.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
-#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
-#include <mie/macros.h>
-
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
-{
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_scf_yield, "yield")
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
-	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
-MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/select/op/graph.c

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 #include <mie/trait/trait.h>
 
-static enum mie_status print(const struct mie_op *op, b_stream *out)
+static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }

mie/dialect/select/select.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 
-MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_select, "select")
+MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_select, struct mie_dialect, "select")
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_select_graph_only);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_select_graph_op);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_select_graph_scope);

mie/id.c

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void mie_id_to_string(const mie_id *id, char *out, size_t max)
 			b_bstr_write_char(&str, '-');
 		}
 
-		b_bstr_write_fmt(&str, "%02x", id->id_bytes[i]);
+		b_bstr_write_fmt(&str, NULL, "%02x", id->id_bytes[i]);
 	}
 }
 

mie/include/mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef MIE_ATTRIBUTE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_H_
+#define MIE_ATTRIBUTE_ATTRIBUTE_DEFINITION_H_
+
+#include <mie/id.h>
+
+struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_attribute;
+struct mie_parser;
+struct mie_printer;
+
+struct mie_attribute_definition {
+	mie_id a_id;
+	struct mie_dialect *a_parent;
+	char *a_name;
+
+	size_t a_data_size;
+
+	void (*a_init)(struct mie_attribute *);
+	void (*a_cleanup)(struct mie_attribute *);
+	enum mie_status (*a_print)(
+		const struct mie_attribute *, struct mie_printer *);
+	enum mie_status (*a_parse)(
+		struct mie_parser *, const struct mie_attribute **);
+};
+
+MIE_API struct mie_attribute_definition *mie_attribute_definition_create(
+	struct mie_dialect *parent, const char *name);
+
+MIE_API bool mie_attribute_definition_check_name(
+	const struct mie_attribute_definition *def, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *attrib_name);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/attribute/attribute-map.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef MIE_ATTRIBUTE_ATTRIBUTE_MAP_H_
+#define MIE_ATTRIBUTE_ATTRIBUTE_MAP_H_
+
+#include <blue/core/btree.h>
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <mie/status.h>
+
+struct b_queue_entry;
+
+struct mie_attribute_map {
+	b_btree m_entries;
+};
+
+enum mie_attribute_map_flags {
+	MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE = 0x01u,
+};
+
+struct mie_attribute_map_iterator {
+	const char *it_name;
+	const struct mie_attribute *it_value;
+	b_btree_node *_n;
+	struct b_queue_entry *_e;
+};
+
+MIE_API void mie_attribute_map_init(struct mie_attribute_map *map);
+MIE_API void mie_attribute_map_cleanup(struct mie_attribute_map *map);
+
+static inline bool mie_attribute_map_empty(const struct mie_attribute_map *map)
+{
+	return b_btree_empty(&map->m_entries);
+}
+
+MIE_API const struct mie_attribute *mie_attribute_map_get(
+	const struct mie_attribute_map *map, const char *name);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_attribute_map_put(
+	struct mie_attribute_map *map, const char *name,
+	const struct mie_attribute *value, enum mie_attribute_map_flags flags);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_attribute_map_iterator_begin(
+	struct mie_attribute_map_iterator *it, const struct mie_attribute_map *map);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_attribute_map_iterator_move_next(
+	struct mie_attribute_map_iterator *it);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/attribute/attribute.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef MIE_ATTRIBUTE_ATTRIBUTE_H_
+#define MIE_ATTRIBUTE_ATTRIBUTE_H_
+
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+struct mie_attribute_definition;
+
+struct mie_attribute {
+	const struct mie_attribute_definition *a_def;
+};
+
+MIE_API bool mie_attribute_check_name(
+	const struct mie_attribute *attrib, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *attrib_name);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/ctx.h

@@ -6,10 +6,15 @@
 #include <mie/id.h>
 
 struct mie_op;
+struct mie_pass;
+struct mie_diag;
+struct mie_file_cell;
 struct mie_int_cache;
+struct mie_line_source;
 struct mie_index_cache;
 struct mie_string_cache;
-;
+struct mie_attribute_map;
+struct mie_pass_definition;
 
 struct mie_ctx {
 #if 0
@@ -25,25 +30,35 @@ struct mie_ctx {
 	struct mie_id_map ctx_types;
 	/* map of struct mie_trait */
 	struct mie_id_map ctx_traits;
-
-	struct mie_int_cache *ctx_ints;
-	struct mie_float_cache *ctx_floats;
-	struct mie_index_cache *ctx_indices;
-	struct mie_string_cache *ctx_strings;
+	/* map of struct mie_attribute */
+	struct mie_id_map ctx_attributes;
+	/* map of struct mie_pass_definition */
+	struct mie_id_map ctx_passes;
+	/* queue of struct mie_diag */
+	b_queue ctx_diag;
 };
 
 MIE_API struct mie_ctx *mie_ctx_create(void);
 MIE_API void mie_ctx_destroy(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
-MIE_API bool mie_ctx_resolve_op(const struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_ctx_create_op(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect, const char *op);
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_ctx_get_dialect(
 	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name);
 MIE_API struct mie_type_definition *mie_ctx_get_type_definition(
 	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name, const char *type_name);
+MIE_API const struct mie_op_definition *mie_ctx_get_op_definition(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name, const char *op_name);
 MIE_API const struct mie_trait_definition *mie_ctx_get_trait_definition(
 	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name,
 	const char *trait_name);
+MIE_API const struct mie_attribute_definition *mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *attrib_name);
+MIE_API const struct mie_interface_definition *mie_ctx_get_interface_definition(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *iface_name);
 MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_type(
 	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect_name, const char *type_name);
 MIE_API const struct mie_trait *mie_ctx_get_trait(
@@ -55,11 +70,18 @@ MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_function_type(
 	const struct mie_type **out, size_t nr_out);
 
 MIE_API struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_null(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
-MIE_API struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_int(
-	struct mie_ctx *ctx, long long val, size_t nr_bits);
-MIE_API struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_float(
-	struct mie_ctx *ctx, double val, size_t nr_bits);
-MIE_API struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_string(struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *s);
-MIE_API struct mie_value *mie_ctx_get_index(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t val);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_ctx_register_pass(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_pass_definition *pass);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_ctx_get_pass(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name,
+	const struct mie_attribute_map *args, struct mie_pass **out);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_diag *mie_ctx_push_diag(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_line_source *src,
+	const struct mie_file_cell *loc, const char *dialect,
+	unsigned long diag_class);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_diag *mie_ctx_pop_diag(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/diag/amendment.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#ifndef MIE_DIAG_AMENDMENT_H_
+#define MIE_DIAG_AMENDMENT_H_
+
+#include <mie/parse/file-span.h>
+
+enum mie_diag_amendment_type {
+	MIE_DIAG_AMENDMENT_NONE = 0,
+	MIE_DIAG_AMENDMENT_ADD,
+	MIE_DIAG_AMENDMENT_REMOVE,
+	MIE_DIAG_AMENDMENT_REPLACE,
+};
+
+struct mie_diag_amendment {
+	enum mie_diag_amendment_type a_type;
+	unsigned long __x;
+
+	union {
+		struct {
+			struct mie_file_cell a_loc;
+			char *a_str;
+		} a_add;
+
+		struct {
+			struct mie_file_cell a_loc;
+			unsigned long a_length;
+		} a_remove;
+
+		struct {
+			struct mie_file_cell a_loc;
+			unsigned long a_length;
+			char *a_str;
+		} a_replace;
+	};
+};
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/diag/class.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef MIE_DIAG_CLASS_H_
+#define MIE_DIAG_CLASS_H_
+
+enum mie_diag_class_type {
+	MIE_DIAG_CLASS_NONE = 0,
+	MIE_DIAG_CLASS_HINT,
+	MIE_DIAG_CLASS_WARNING,
+	MIE_DIAG_CLASS_ERROR,
+};
+
+struct mie_diag_class {
+	unsigned int c_id;
+	const char *c_id_str_short, *c_id_str_long;
+	enum mie_diag_class_type c_type;
+	const char *c_title;
+};
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/diag/component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef MIE_DIAG_COMPONENT_H_
+#define MIE_DIAG_COMPONENT_H_
+
+#include <blue/core/queue.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+enum mie_diag_component_type {
+	MIE_DIAG_COMPONENT_NONE = 0,
+	MIE_DIAG_COMPONENT_MSG,
+	MIE_DIAG_COMPONENT_SNIPPET,
+};
+
+struct mie_diag_component {
+	enum mie_diag_component_type c_type;
+	b_queue_entry c_entry;
+};
+
+struct mie_diag_c_snippet {
+	struct mie_diag_component s_base;
+	unsigned long s_first_line, s_last_line;
+
+	struct mie_diag_amendment *s_amendments;
+	size_t s_nr_amendments;
+
+	struct mie_diag_highlight *s_highlights;
+	size_t s_nr_highlights;
+};
+
+struct mie_diag_c_msg {
+	struct mie_diag_component msg_base;
+	char *msg_content;
+};
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/diag/diag.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef MIE_DIAG_DIAG_H_
+#define MIE_DIAG_DIAG_H_
+
+#include <blue/core/queue.h>
+#include <mie/parse/file-span.h>
+
+struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_diag_class;
+struct mie_diag_amendment;
+struct mie_diag_highlight;
+
+enum mie_diag_type {
+	MIE_DIAG_NONE = 0,
+	MIE_DIAG_HINT,
+	MIE_DIAG_WARNING,
+	MIE_DIAG_ERROR,
+};
+
+struct mie_diag {
+	struct mie_dialect *diag_parent;
+	const struct mie_diag_class *diag_class;
+
+	struct mie_line_source *diag_src;
+	struct mie_file_cell diag_loc;
+	b_queue_entry diag_entry;
+	b_queue diag_components;
+};
+
+MIE_API void mie_diag_set_location(
+	struct mie_diag *diag, unsigned long row, unsigned long col);
+MIE_API void mie_diag_push_msg(
+	struct mie_diag *diag, struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect,
+	unsigned long msg, ...);
+MIE_API void mie_diag_push_snippet(
+	struct mie_diag *diag, unsigned long first_line, unsigned long last_line,
+	const struct mie_diag_amendment *amendmends, size_t nr_amendments,
+	const struct mie_diag_highlight *highlights, size_t nr_highlights);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/diag/highlight.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef MIE_DIAG_HIGHLIGHT_H_
+#define MIE_DIAG_HIGHLIGHT_H_
+
+#include <mie/parse/file-span.h>
+
+enum mie_diag_highlight_type {
+	MIE_DIAG_HIGHLIGHT_NONE = 0,
+	MIE_DIAG_HIGHLIGHT_HINT,
+	MIE_DIAG_HIGHLIGHT_WARNING,
+	MIE_DIAG_HIGHLIGHT_ERROR,
+};
+
+struct mie_diag_highlight {
+	enum mie_diag_highlight_type hl_type;
+	struct mie_file_span hl_span;
+};
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/diag/msg.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef MIE_DIAG_MSG_H_
+#define MIE_DIAG_MSG_H_
+
+struct mie_diag_msg {
+	unsigned int msg_id;
+	const char *msg_id_str_short, *msg_id_str_long;
+	const char *msg_content;
+};
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/arith.h

@@ -1,62 +1,26 @@
 #ifndef MIE_DIALECT_ARITH_H_
 #define MIE_DIALECT_ARITH_H_
 
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
 #include <mie/misc.h>
-#include <mie/value.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
 struct mie_dialect;
-
-enum mie_float_width {
-	MIE_FLOAT_32 = 32,
-	MIE_FLOAT_64 = 64,
-};
-
-struct mie_int {
-	struct mie_value i_base;
-	union {
-		int64_t v_small;
-
-		struct {
-			long *a_parts;
-			size_t a_nr_parts;
-		} v_arbitrary;
-	} i_val;
-};
-
-struct mie_float {
-	struct mie_value f_base;
-
-	union {
-		float v_32;
-		double v_64;
-	} f_val;
-};
-
-struct mie_int_cache;
+struct mie_emitter;
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_arith_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
-MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_arith_int_get_type(
-	struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width);
-MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_arith_float_get_type(
-	struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width);
-
-MIE_API size_t mie_arith_int_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type);
-MIE_API size_t mie_arith_float_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type);
-
-MIE_API struct mie_int_cache *mie_int_cache_create(void);
-MIE_API void mie_int_cache_destroy(struct mie_int_cache *cache);
-MIE_API struct mie_int *mie_int_cache_get(
-	struct mie_int_cache *cache, struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t value,
-	size_t bit_width);
-
-MIE_API struct mie_float_cache *mie_float_cache_create(void);
-MIE_API void mie_float_cache_destroy(struct mie_float_cache *cache);
-MIE_API struct mie_float *mie_float_cache_get(
-	struct mie_float_cache *cache, struct mie_ctx *ctx, double value,
-	size_t bit_width);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_i_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_f_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_addi_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *left,
+	struct mie_register *right, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_addf_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *left,
+	struct mie_register *right, const char *name);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/builtin.h

@@ -2,22 +2,98 @@
 #define MIE_DIALECT_BUILTIN_H_
 
 #include <blue/ds/string.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface.h>
 #include <mie/misc.h>
-#include <mie/value.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait.h>
+#include <mie/vector.h>
 
 struct mie_dialect;
 
 struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_op;
 struct mie_int_type;
 struct mie_float_type;
 
+enum mie_builtin_diag {
+	MIE_BUILTIN_E_UNRECOGNISED_TOKEN,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_E_UNRESOLVED_VALUE,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_E_UNRESOLVED_SUCCESSOR,
+};
+
+enum mie_builtin_msg {
+	MIE_BUILTIN_MSG_UNRECOGNISED_TOKEN,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_MSG_UNRESOLVED_VALUE,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_MSG_CANNOT_FIND_BLOCK,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_MSG_VALUE_DEFINED_IN_NON_DOMINANT_BLOCK,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_MSG_VALUE_DEFINED_AFTER_USE,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_MSG_VALUE_DEFINED_OUTSIDE_ISOLATED_REGION,
+	MIE_BUILTIN_MSG_VALUE_DEFINED_IN_BLOCK,
+};
+
+enum mie_float_width {
+	MIE_FLOAT_32 = 32,
+	MIE_FLOAT_64 = 64,
+};
+
 struct mie_string {
-	struct mie_value str_base;
+	struct mie_attribute str_base;
 	char *str_val;
 	size_t str_len;
 };
 
+struct mie_int {
+	struct mie_attribute i_base;
+	const struct mie_type *i_type;
+
+	union {
+		int64_t v_small;
+
+		struct {
+			long *a_parts;
+			size_t a_nr_parts;
+		} v_arbitrary;
+	} i_val;
+};
+
+struct mie_float {
+	struct mie_attribute f_base;
+	const struct mie_type *f_type;
+
+	union {
+		float v_32;
+		double v_64;
+	} f_val;
+};
+
+struct mie_index {
+	struct mie_attribute i_base;
+	size_t i_value;
+};
+
+struct mie_array {
+	struct mie_attribute a_base;
+	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(const struct mie_attribute *, a_items);
+};
+
+struct mie_type_attr {
+	struct mie_attribute ty_base;
+	const struct mie_type *ty_value;
+};
+
+struct mie_symbol {
+	struct mie_interface sym_base;
+	const char *(*sym_get_name)(const struct mie_op *);
+};
+
+struct mie_symbol_table {
+	struct mie_trait tab_base;
+};
+
+struct mie_int_cache;
+struct mie_float_cache;
 struct mie_string_cache;
+struct mie_index_cache;
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_builtin_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
@@ -26,4 +102,45 @@ MIE_API void mie_string_cache_destroy(struct mie_string_cache *cache);
 MIE_API struct mie_string *mie_string_cache_get(
 	struct mie_string_cache *cache, struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *val);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_int_cache *mie_int_cache_create(void);
+MIE_API void mie_int_cache_destroy(struct mie_int_cache *cache);
+MIE_API struct mie_int *mie_int_cache_get(
+	struct mie_int_cache *cache, struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t value,
+	size_t bit_width);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_float_cache *mie_float_cache_create(void);
+MIE_API void mie_float_cache_destroy(struct mie_float_cache *cache);
+MIE_API struct mie_float *mie_float_cache_get(
+	struct mie_float_cache *cache, struct mie_ctx *ctx, double value,
+	size_t bit_width);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_index_cache *mie_index_cache_create(void);
+MIE_API void mie_index_cache_destroy(struct mie_index_cache *cache);
+MIE_API struct mie_index *mie_index_cache_get(
+	struct mie_index_cache *cache, struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t value);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_int(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, long long val, size_t nr_bits);
+MIE_API struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_float(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, double val, size_t nr_bits);
+MIE_API struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_string(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *s);
+MIE_API struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_index(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t val);
+
+MIE_API const char *mie_string_get_cstr(const struct mie_attribute *attrib);
+MIE_API const struct mie_type *mie_type_attr_get_type(
+	const struct mie_attribute *attrib);
+MIE_API bool mie_int_get_value(const struct mie_attribute *attrib, long long *out);
+MIE_API bool mie_float_get_value(const struct mie_attribute *attrib, double *out);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_int_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width);
+MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_float_type(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_attribute *mie_type_attr_create(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const struct mie_type *ty);
+
+MIE_API size_t mie_int_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type);
+MIE_API size_t mie_float_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/cf.h

@@ -2,10 +2,23 @@
 #define MIE_DIALECT_CF_H_
 
 #include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_block;
 struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_emitter;
+struct mie_register;
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_cf_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_block *dest,
+	struct mie_register **dest_args, size_t nr_dest_args);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_cond_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	struct mie_block *true_block, struct mie_register **true_args,
+	size_t nr_true_args, struct mie_block *false_block,
+	struct mie_register **false_args, size_t nr_false_args);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/dialect.h

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ struct mie_op_definition;
 struct mie_type_definition;
 struct mie_trait_definition;
 
+struct mie_diag_class;
+struct mie_diag_msg;
+
 struct mie_dialect {
 	mie_id d_id;
 	char *d_name;
@@ -23,10 +26,22 @@ struct mie_dialect {
 	struct mie_id_map d_types;
 	/* map of struct mie_trait_definition */
 	struct mie_id_map d_traits;
+	/* map of struct mie_attribute_definition */
+	struct mie_id_map d_attributes;
+	/* map of struct mie_interface_definition */
+	struct mie_id_map d_interfaces;
+	/* array of mie_diag_class */
+	struct mie_diag_class *d_diag_classes;
+	size_t d_nr_diag_classes;
+	/* array of mie_diag_msg */
+	struct mie_diag_msg *d_diag_msgs;
+	size_t d_nr_diag_msgs;
+
+	enum mie_status (*d_cleanup)(struct mie_dialect *);
 };
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_dialect_create(
-	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name);
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *name, size_t size);
 
 MIE_API const struct mie_op_definition *mie_dialect_get_op(
 	const struct mie_dialect *dialect, const char *name);
@@ -34,5 +49,9 @@ MIE_API const struct mie_type_definition *mie_dialect_get_type(
 	const struct mie_dialect *dialect, const char *name);
 MIE_API const struct mie_trait_definition *mie_dialect_get_trait(
 	const struct mie_dialect *dialect, const char *name);
+MIE_API const struct mie_attribute_definition *mie_dialect_get_attribute(
+	const struct mie_dialect *dialect, const char *name);
+MIE_API const struct mie_interface_definition *mie_dialect_get_interface(
+	const struct mie_dialect *dialect, const char *name);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/func.h

@@ -2,10 +2,24 @@
 #define MIE_DIALECT_FUNC_H_
 
 #include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_type;
 struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_emitter;
+struct mie_register;
+
+struct mie_func_parameter {
+	const char *param_name;
+	const struct mie_type *param_type;
+	struct mie_register *param_reg;
+};
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_func_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_func_func_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, const char *name, struct mie_func_parameter *params,
+	size_t nr_params, const struct mie_type **ret_types, size_t nr_ret_types);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/index.h

@@ -1,26 +1,14 @@
 #ifndef MIE_DIALECT_INDEX_H_
 #define MIE_DIALECT_INDEX_H_
 
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
 #include <mie/misc.h>
-#include <mie/value.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
 struct mie_dialect;
 
-struct mie_index {
-	struct mie_value i_base;
-	size_t i_value;
-};
-
-struct mie_index_cache;
-
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_index_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
-MIE_API struct mie_index_cache *mie_index_cache_create(void);
-MIE_API void mie_index_cache_destroy(struct mie_index_cache *cache);
-MIE_API struct mie_index *mie_index_cache_get(
-	struct mie_index_cache *cache, struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t value);
-
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/memref.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef MIE_DIALECT_MEMREF_H_
+#define MIE_DIALECT_MEMREF_H_
+
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_dialect;
+
+MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_memref_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/scf.h

@@ -4,8 +4,19 @@
 #include <mie/misc.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_type;
+struct mie_region;
 struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_emitter;
+struct mie_register;
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_scf_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_scf_if_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	const struct mie_type *result_type, struct mie_region **out_true,
+	struct mie_region **out_false, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_scf_yield_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *value);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/interface/interface-definition.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef MIE_INTERFACE_INTERFACE_DEFINITION_H_
+#define MIE_INTERFACE_INTERFACE_DEFINITION_H_
+
+#include <mie/id.h>
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+
+struct mie_interface_definition {
+	mie_id if_id;
+	const struct mie_dialect *if_parent;
+	char *if_name;
+	size_t if_size;
+};
+
+MIE_API struct mie_interface_definition *mie_interface_definition_create(
+	struct mie_dialect *parent, const char *name);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/interface/interface-map.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef MIE_INTERFACE_INTERFACE_MAP_H_
+#define MIE_INTERFACE_INTERFACE_MAP_H_
+
+#include <mie/id.h>
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+
+struct mie_interface;
+
+struct mie_interface_map {
+	struct mie_id_map m_entries;
+};
+
+MIE_API void mie_interface_map_init(struct mie_interface_map *map);
+MIE_API void mie_interface_map_cleanup(struct mie_interface_map *map);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_interface_map_put(
+	struct mie_interface_map *map, struct mie_interface *iface);
+MIE_API const struct mie_interface *mie_interface_map_get(
+	const struct mie_interface_map *map, const char *dialect,
+	const char *iface);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/interface/interface.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef MIE_INTERFACE_INTERFACE_H_
+#define MIE_INTERFACE_INTERFACE_H_
+
+#include <mie/id.h>
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+
+struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_interface_definition;
+
+struct mie_interface {
+	mie_id if_id;
+	const struct mie_interface_definition *if_def;
+};
+
+MIE_API struct mie_interface *mie_interface_create(
+	const struct mie_interface_definition *def);
+MIE_API void mie_interface_destroy(struct mie_interface *iface);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/ir/block.h

@@ -6,16 +6,69 @@
 #include <mie/name.h>
 #include <mie/vector.h>
 
+#define MIE_BLOCK_ID_INVALID ((size_t)0)
+
 struct mie_op;
 struct mie_register;
 
-struct mie_block {
-	struct mie_name b_name;
-
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_register *, b_params);
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op, b_ops);
+struct mie_block_predecessor {
+	struct mie_block *p_block;
 };
 
+struct mie_block {
+	struct mie_name b_name;
+	struct mie_region *b_parent;
+
+	/* immediate predecessor blocks */
+	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_block_predecessor, b_ipred);
+
+	/* used by struct mie_region */
+	unsigned int b_id;
+	struct mie_block *b_idom;
+	// struct mie_block *b_sdom, *b_dfs_parent;
+	b_queue_entry b_entry;
+
+	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_register, b_params);
+	/* queue of struct mie_op */
+	b_queue b_ops;
+};
+
+extern struct mie_vector_ops mie_block_vector_ops;
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_first_op(const struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_prev_op(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op *before);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_next_op(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_last_op(const struct mie_block *block);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_terminator(const struct mie_block *block);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_block_get_first_successor(
+	const struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_block_get_prev_successor(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op_successor *before);
+MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_block_get_next_successor(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op_successor *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_block_get_last_successor(
+	const struct mie_block *block);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_block_predecessor *mie_block_get_first_predecessor(
+	const struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API struct mie_block_predecessor *mie_block_get_prev_predecessor(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_block_predecessor *before);
+MIE_API struct mie_block_predecessor *mie_block_get_next_predecessor(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_block_predecessor *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_block_predecessor *mie_block_get_last_predecessor(
+	const struct mie_block *block);
+
 MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_add_op(struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_add_op_after(
+	struct mie_block *block, struct mie_op *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_block_add_param(struct mie_block *block);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_block_find_register(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const char *name,
+	const struct mie_op *start_point);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/ir/builder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef MIE_IR_BUILDER_H_
+#define MIE_IR_BUILDER_H_
+
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+struct mie_op;
+struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_type;
+struct mie_name;
+struct mie_block;
+struct mie_region;
+struct mie_register;
+
+struct mie_builder;
+
+MIE_API struct mie_builder *mie_builder_create(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *root);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_destroy(struct mie_builder *builder);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_ctx *mie_builder_get_ctx(struct mie_builder *builder);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_builder_get_current_block(struct mie_builder *builder);
+
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_into_op(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_into_region(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_region *region);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_into_block(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_out(struct mie_builder *builder);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_builder_put_op(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, const char *dialect, const char *op,
+	struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_builder_put_name(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/ir/emit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef MIE_IR_EMIT_H_
+#define MIE_IR_EMIT_H_
+
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <mie/status.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define MIE_EMITTER(p) ((struct mie_emitter *)(p))
+
+struct mie_op;
+struct mie_name;
+struct mie_block;
+struct mie_register;
+
+struct mie_emitter;
+
+typedef struct mie_ctx *(*mie_emit_get_ctx)(const struct mie_emitter *);
+typedef enum mie_status (*mie_emit_put_name)(
+	struct mie_emitter *, struct mie_name *, const char *);
+typedef struct mie_op *(*mie_emit_put_op)(
+	struct mie_emitter *, const char *, const char *,
+	struct mie_register **, size_t);
+typedef struct mie_block *(*mie_emit_put_block)(
+	struct mie_emitter *, struct mie_block *);
+
+struct mie_emitter {
+	mie_emit_get_ctx e_get_ctx;
+	mie_emit_put_name e_put_name;
+	mie_emit_put_op e_put_op;
+	mie_emit_put_block e_put_block;
+};
+
+MIE_API struct mie_ctx *mie_emitter_get_ctx(struct mie_emitter *emitter);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_emitter_put_name(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_emitter_put_op(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *op_name, struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_emitter_put_block(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, struct mie_block *insert_point);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/ir/module.h

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MIE_IR_MODULE_H_
-#define MIE_IR_MODULE_H_
-
-#include <blue/core/stream.h>
-#include <mie/misc.h>
-#include <mie/name.h>
-#include <mie/vector.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-struct mie_op;
-
-struct mie_module {
-	struct mie_name_map *m_names;
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op, m_ops);
-};
-
-MIE_API struct mie_module *mie_module_create(void);
-MIE_API void mie_module_destroy(struct mie_module *mod);
-
-MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_module_add_op(struct mie_module *mod);
-
-#endif

mie/include/mie/ir/op-definition.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <blue/core/btree.h>
 #include <blue/core/stream.h>
 #include <mie/id.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface-map.h>
 #include <mie/status.h>
 #include <mie/trait/trait-table.h>
 
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@
 #define MIE_OP_MAX_RESULTS 8
 
 struct mie_op;
+struct mie_printer;
 struct mie_parser;
 struct mie_dialect;
 
@@ -96,10 +98,11 @@ struct mie_op_definition {
 	char *op_name;
 
 	struct mie_trait_table op_traits;
+	struct mie_interface_map op_iface;
 	const struct mie_op_param op_params[MIE_OP_MAX_PARAMS];
 	const struct mie_op_result op_results[MIE_OP_MAX_RESULTS];
 
-	enum mie_status (*op_print)(const struct mie_op *, b_stream *);
+	enum mie_status (*op_print)(struct mie_printer *, const struct mie_op *);
 	enum mie_status (*op_parse)(struct mie_parser *, struct mie_op *);
 };
 
@@ -108,5 +111,7 @@ MIE_API struct mie_op_definition *mie_op_definition_create(
 
 MIE_API enum mie_status mie_op_definition_add_trait(
 	struct mie_op_definition *op, const struct mie_trait *trait);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_op_definition_add_interface(
+	struct mie_op_definition *op, struct mie_interface *inface);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/ir/op.h

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 #include "mie/vector.h"
 
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-map.h>
 #include <mie/ir/register.h>
 #include <mie/misc.h>
 #include <mie/name.h>
 #include <mie/parse/file-span.h>
 
+struct mie_ctx;
 struct mie_type;
-
 struct mie_value;
 struct mie_block;
 struct mie_region;
@@ -23,17 +24,12 @@ enum mie_op_flags {
 	MIE_OP_F_SUCCESSOR_RESOLVED = 0x04u,
 };
 
-struct mie_op_attribute {
-	char *attrib_name;
-	struct mie_value *attrib_value;
-};
-
 struct mie_op_arg {
 	enum mie_op_flags arg_flags;
 	struct mie_file_span arg_span;
 	union {
 		/* only valid if F_ARG_RESOLVED is set in arg_flags */
-		struct mie_register *arg_value;
+		struct mie_register_use arg_value;
 		/* only valid if F_ARG_RESOLVED is NOT set in arg_flags */
 		struct mie_register_ref arg_unresolved;
 	};
@@ -41,6 +37,7 @@ struct mie_op_arg {
 
 struct mie_op_successor {
 	enum mie_op_flags s_flags;
+	struct mie_file_span s_name_span;
 
 	union {
 		/* only valid if F_SUCCESSOR_RESOLVED is set in s_flags; */
@@ -54,25 +51,68 @@ struct mie_op_successor {
 
 struct mie_op {
 	enum mie_op_flags op_flags;
+	/* used by struct mie_block */
+	b_queue_entry op_entry;
 
-	/* these pointers are only valid if the F_OP_RESOLVED flag is set */
-	const struct mie_dialect *op_dialect;
+	struct mie_line_source *op_src;
+	/* this pointer is only valid if the F_OP_RESOLVED flag is set */
 	const struct mie_op_definition *op_info;
 
+	struct mie_block *op_container;
 	struct mie_file_span op_name_span;
 	/* only valid if the F_RESOLVED flag is NOT set */
 	char *op_name;
 
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_region, op_regions);
+	b_queue op_regions;
+
 	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op_successor, op_successors);
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op_attribute, op_attrib);
+	struct mie_attribute_map op_attrib;
 	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op_arg, op_args);
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_register *, op_result);
+	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_register, op_result);
 };
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_op_create(void);
 MIE_API void mie_op_destroy(struct mie_op *op);
 
+MIE_API void mie_op_init(struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API void mie_op_cleanup(struct mie_op *op);
+
+MIE_API size_t mie_op_get_name(const struct mie_op *op, char *out, size_t max);
+
+MIE_API bool mie_op_resolve_self(struct mie_op *op, struct mie_ctx *ctx);
+MIE_API bool mie_op_resolve_args(struct mie_op *op, struct mie_ctx *ctx);
+MIE_API bool mie_op_resolve_successors(struct mie_op *op, struct mie_ctx *ctx);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op_arg *mie_op_add_arg(struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_op_add_result(
+	struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_type *ty);
+MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_op_add_successor(
+	struct mie_op *op, struct mie_block *block, struct mie_register **args,
+	size_t nr_args);
 MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_add_region(struct mie_op *op);
-MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_op_add_successor(struct mie_op *op);
+
+MIE_API bool mie_op_is(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *op_name);
+MIE_API bool mie_op_has_trait(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *trait_name);
+MIE_API bool mie_op_has_interface(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *iface_name);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_op_get_parent(const struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_first_region(const struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_prev_region(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_region *before);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_next_region(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_region *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_last_region(const struct mie_op *op);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_op_get_arg(const struct mie_op *op, size_t index);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_op_get_result_with_name(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const char *name);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_op_get_first_child_op(const struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_op_get_last_child_op(const struct mie_op *op);
+
+MIE_API const struct mie_type *mie_op_arg_get_type(const struct mie_op_arg *arg);
 
 #endif