mie: tool: add command to run optimisations on an input IR file

the new rewriter interface supports running patterns over an Op's children
matching Ops that conform to a pattern, and rewriting Ops in arbitrary ways.

mie/ctx.c

@@ -70,6 +70,27 @@ struct mie_ctx *mie_ctx_create(void)
 	return out;
 }
 
+struct mie_op *mie_ctx_create_op(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect, const char *op)
+{
+	const struct mie_op_definition *def
+		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(ctx, dialect, op);
+	if (!def) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op *out = mie_op_create();
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out->op_flags |= MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED;
+	out->op_info = def;
+	out->op_dialect = def->op_parent;
+
+	return out;
+}
+
 bool mie_ctx_resolve_op(const struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	if (op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED) {

mie/dialect/arith/op/addi.c

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
 #include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
 
 static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
@@ -28,6 +32,22 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+struct mie_register *mie_arith_addi_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *left,
+	struct mie_register *right, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_register *args[] = {left, right};
+	const size_t nr_args = sizeof args / sizeof args[0];
+
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "arith", "addi", args, nr_args);
+	const struct mie_type *ty = left->reg_type;
+
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, ty);
+	mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_addi, "addi")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);

mie/dialect/arith/op/constant.c

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <mie/attribute/attribute.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
@@ -40,6 +41,40 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_i_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "arith", "constant", NULL, 0);
+	const struct mie_type *ty
+		= mie_ctx_get_int_type(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), 32);
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, ty);
+
+	mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+
+	struct mie_attribute *val
+		= mie_ctx_get_int(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), value, 32);
+	mie_attribute_map_put(&op->op_attrib, "value", val, MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_f_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "arith", "constant", NULL, 0);
+	const struct mie_type *ty
+		= mie_ctx_get_int_type(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), 32);
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, ty);
+
+	mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+
+	struct mie_attribute *val
+		= mie_ctx_get_float(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), value, 32);
+	mie_attribute_map_put(&op->op_attrib, "value", val, MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_arith_constant, "constant")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);

mie/dialect/builtin/attribute/int.c

@@ -21,16 +21,25 @@ static enum mie_status print(
 		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, "#builtin.int<", NULL);
 	}
 
-	if (int_ty->i_width < 64 || !abbrev) {
+	if (int_ty->i_width <= 64) {
 		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "%zu : i%zu",
-			int_val->i_val.v_small, int_ty->i_width);
-	} else if (int_ty->i_width == 64 && abbrev) {
-		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "%zu", int_val->i_val.v_small);
+			out->p_stream, NULL, "%zu", int_val->i_val.v_small,
+			int_ty->i_width);
 	} else {
-		b_stream_write_fmt(
-			out->p_stream, NULL, "INF : i%zu", int_ty->i_width);
+		b_stream_write_fmt(out->p_stream, NULL, "INF", int_ty->i_width);
+	}
+
+	if (int_ty->i_width != 64 || !abbrev) {
+		b_stream_write_string(out->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+
+		if (abbrev) {
+			b_stream_write_fmt(
+				out->p_stream, NULL, "i%zu", int_ty->i_width);
+		} else {
+			b_stream_write_fmt(
+				out->p_stream, NULL, "!builtin.int<%zu>",
+				int_ty->i_width);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (!abbrev) {

mie/dialect/builtin/attribute/type.c

@@ -7,6 +7,23 @@
 #include <mie/parse/parser.h>
 #include <mie/print/printer.h>
 
+struct mie_attribute *mie_type_attr_create(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const struct mie_type *ty)
+{
+	struct mie_type_attr *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+
+	out->ty_base.a_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "type");
+	out->ty_value = ty;
+
+	return (struct mie_attribute *)out;
+}
+
 static enum mie_status print(
 	const struct mie_attribute *value, struct mie_printer *out)
 {
@@ -25,25 +42,11 @@ static enum mie_status print(
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static struct mie_type_attr *type_attr_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx)
-{
-	struct mie_type_attr *ty = malloc(sizeof *ty);
-	if (!ty) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	memset(ty, 0x0, sizeof *ty);
-
-	ty->ty_base.a_def
-		= mie_ctx_get_attribute_definition(ctx, "builtin", "type");
-
-	return ty;
-}
-
 static enum mie_status parse(
 	struct mie_parser *ctx, const struct mie_attribute **out)
 {
-	struct mie_type_attr *ty = type_attr_create(mie_parser_get_mie_ctx(ctx));
+	struct mie_type_attr *ty = (struct mie_type_attr *)mie_type_attr_create(
+		mie_parser_get_mie_ctx(ctx), NULL);
 	if (!ty) {
 		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
 	}

mie/dialect/builtin/builtin.c

@@ -84,17 +84,17 @@ struct mie_attribute *mie_ctx_get_index(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t val)
 MIE_DIALECT_BEGIN(mie_builtin, struct builtin_dialect, "builtin")
 	MIE_DIALECT_INIT(init);
 	MIE_DIALECT_CLEANUP(cleanup);
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_builtin_module);
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_string);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_builtin_isolated_from_above);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_builtin_symbol_table);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_int);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_float);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_index);
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_string);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TYPE(mie_builtin_string);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_int);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_float);
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_array);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_type);
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_builtin_isolated_from_above);
-	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_TRAIT(mie_builtin_symbol_table);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_string);
 	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_INTERFACE(mie_builtin_symbol);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(mie_builtin_array);
+	MIE_DIALECT_ADD_OP(mie_builtin_module);
 MIE_DIALECT_END()

mie/dialect/builtin/op/module.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
@@ -8,12 +9,11 @@
 static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *out, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
 	b_stream_write_char(out->p_stream, ' ');
-	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_regions) == 0) {
-		return MIE_SUCCESS;
-	}
 
-	struct mie_region *region = &op->op_regions.items[0];
-	mie_printer_print_region(out, region, 0);
+	struct mie_region *region = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	if (region) {
+		mie_printer_print_region(out, region, 0);
+	}
 
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_builtin_module, "module")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_TRAIT("builtin", "isolated-from-above");
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_END()

mie/dialect/cf/op/br-cond.c

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
@@ -33,6 +34,23 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_cond_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	struct mie_block *true_block, struct mie_register **true_args,
+	size_t nr_true_args, struct mie_block *false_block,
+	struct mie_register **false_args, size_t nr_false_args)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "cf", "br-cond", &cond, 1);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mie_op_add_successor(op, true_block, true_args, nr_true_args);
+	mie_op_add_successor(op, false_block, false_args, nr_false_args);
+
+	return op;
+}
+
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_cf_br_cond, "br-cond")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);

mie/dialect/cf/op/br.c

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
 #include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
@@ -20,6 +21,21 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_block *dest,
+	struct mie_register **dest_args, size_t nr_dest_args)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "cf", "br", NULL, 0);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op_successor *s
+		= mie_op_add_successor(op, dest, dest_args, nr_dest_args);
+
+	return op;
+}
+
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_cf_br, "br")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);

mie/dialect/func/op/func.c

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 #include <mie/ctx.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/func.h>
 #include <mie/interface/interface-definition.h>
 #include <mie/interface/interface.h>
 #include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
 #include <mie/ir/region.h>
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *o
 
 	b_stream_write_fmt(printer->p_stream, NULL, " @%s(", sym_name_cstr);
 
-	const struct mie_region *code = &op->op_regions.items[0];
-	const struct mie_block *entry = &code->r_blocks.items[0];
+	const struct mie_region *code = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	const struct mie_block *entry = mie_region_get_first_block(code);
 
 	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(entry->b_params); i++) {
 		if (i > 0) {
@@ -72,9 +74,62 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+struct mie_op *mie_func_func_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, const char *name, struct mie_func_parameter *params,
+	size_t nr_params, const struct mie_type **ret_types, size_t nr_ret_types)
+{
+	const struct mie_type **param_types
+		= calloc(nr_params, sizeof *param_types);
+	if (!param_types) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_params; i++) {
+		param_types[i] = params[i].param_type;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_type *func_type = mie_ctx_get_function_type(
+		mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), param_types, nr_params, ret_types,
+		nr_ret_types);
+	free(param_types);
+
+	if (!func_type) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "func", "func", NULL, 0);
+
+	struct mie_region *region = mie_op_add_region(op);
+	struct mie_block *entry = mie_region_add_block(region);
+	mie_name_map_put(region->r_names, &entry->b_name, "entry", 0);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_params; i++) {
+		struct mie_register *param_reg = mie_block_add_param(entry);
+		mie_name_map_put(
+			region->r_names, &param_reg->reg_name,
+			params[i].param_name, 0);
+		param_reg->reg_type = params[i].param_type;
+		params[i].param_reg = param_reg;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_attribute *sym_name
+		= mie_ctx_get_string(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), name);
+	struct mie_attribute *function_type
+		= mie_type_attr_create(mie_emitter_get_ctx(e), func_type);
+
+	mie_attribute_map_put(
+		&op->op_attrib, "sym_name", sym_name, MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+	mie_attribute_map_put(
+		&op->op_attrib, "function_type", function_type,
+		MIE_ATTRMAP_F_REPLACE);
+
+	return op;
+}
+
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_func_func, "func")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);
+	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_TRAIT("builtin", "isolated-from-above");
 	MIE_OP_INTERFACE_BEGIN("builtin", "symbol", struct mie_symbol)
 		MIE_OP_INTERFACE_FUNC(sym_get_name) = NULL;
 	MIE_OP_INTERFACE_END()

mie/dialect/scf/op/if.c

@@ -1,9 +1,48 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
 
 static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, &op->op_args.items[0], false);
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result) > 0) {
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " -> ", NULL);
+
+		if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result) > 1) {
+			b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, '(');
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_type(printer, op->op_result.items[i].reg_type);
+	}
+
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result) > 1) {
+		b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, '(');
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+
+	struct mie_region *if_region = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	struct mie_region *else_region = mie_op_get_next_region(op, if_region);
+
+	mie_printer_print_region(printer, if_region, 0);
+
+	if (else_region) {
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " else ", NULL);
+		mie_printer_print_region(printer, else_region, 0);
+	}
+
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -12,6 +51,35 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+struct mie_op *mie_scf_if_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	const struct mie_type *result_type, struct mie_region **out_true,
+	struct mie_region **out_false, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_emitter_put_op(e, "scf", "if", &cond, 1);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (result_type) {
+		struct mie_register *result = mie_op_add_result(op, result_type);
+		mie_emitter_put_name(e, &result->reg_name, name);
+	}
+
+	struct mie_region *r_true = mie_op_add_region(op);
+	struct mie_region *r_false = mie_op_add_region(op);
+
+	if (out_true) {
+		*out_true = r_true;
+	}
+
+	if (out_false) {
+		*out_false = r_false;
+	}
+
+	return op;
+}
+
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_scf_if, "if")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);

mie/dialect/scf/op/yield.c

@@ -1,9 +1,32 @@
 #include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
 #include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
 
 static enum mie_status print(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
+	b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, ' ');
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_op_arg(printer, &op->op_args.items[i], false);
+	}
+
+	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " : ", NULL);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		if (i > 0) {
+			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
+		}
+
+		mie_printer_print_type(
+			printer, mie_op_arg_get_type(&op->op_args.items[i]));
+	}
+
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -12,6 +35,11 @@ static enum mie_status parse(struct mie_parser *parser, struct mie_op *out)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+struct mie_op *mie_scf_yield_put(struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *value)
+{
+	return mie_emitter_put_op(e, "scf", "yield", &value, 1);
+}
+
 MIE_OP_DEFINITION_BEGIN(mie_scf_yield, "yield")
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PRINT(print);
 	MIE_OP_DEFINITION_PARSE(parse);

mie/include/mie/ctx.h

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ struct mie_ctx {
 MIE_API struct mie_ctx *mie_ctx_create(void);
 MIE_API void mie_ctx_destroy(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_ctx_create_op(
+	const struct mie_ctx *ctx, const char *dialect, const char *op);
 MIE_API bool mie_ctx_resolve_op(const struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *op);
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_ctx_get_dialect(

mie/include/mie/dialect/arith.h

@@ -8,7 +8,19 @@
 
 struct mie_ctx;
 struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_emitter;
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_arith_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_i_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_constant_f_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, long long value, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_addi_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *left,
+	struct mie_register *right, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_arith_addf_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *left,
+	struct mie_register *right, const char *name);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/builtin.h

@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_int_type(struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_wi
 MIE_API struct mie_type *mie_ctx_get_float_type(
 	struct mie_ctx *ctx, size_t bit_width);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_attribute *mie_type_attr_create(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, const struct mie_type *ty);
+
 MIE_API size_t mie_int_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type);
 MIE_API size_t mie_float_type_get_width(const struct mie_type *type);
 

mie/include/mie/dialect/cf.h

@@ -2,10 +2,23 @@
 #define MIE_DIALECT_CF_H_
 
 #include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_block;
 struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_emitter;
+struct mie_register;
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_cf_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_block *dest,
+	struct mie_register **dest_args, size_t nr_dest_args);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_cf_br_cond_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	struct mie_block *true_block, struct mie_register **true_args,
+	size_t nr_true_args, struct mie_block *false_block,
+	struct mie_register **false_args, size_t nr_false_args);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/func.h

@@ -2,10 +2,24 @@
 #define MIE_DIALECT_FUNC_H_
 
 #include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_type;
 struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_emitter;
+struct mie_register;
+
+struct mie_func_parameter {
+	const char *param_name;
+	const struct mie_type *param_type;
+	struct mie_register *param_reg;
+};
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_func_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_func_func_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, const char *name, struct mie_func_parameter *params,
+	size_t nr_params, const struct mie_type **ret_types, size_t nr_ret_types);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/dialect/scf.h

@@ -4,8 +4,19 @@
 #include <mie/misc.h>
 
 struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_type;
+struct mie_region;
 struct mie_dialect;
+struct mie_emitter;
+struct mie_register;
 
 MIE_API struct mie_dialect *mie_scf_dialect_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_scf_if_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *cond,
+	const struct mie_type *result_type, struct mie_region **out_true,
+	struct mie_region **out_false, const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_scf_yield_put(
+	struct mie_emitter *e, struct mie_register *value);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/ir/block.h

@@ -12,13 +12,26 @@ struct mie_register;
 struct mie_block {
 	struct mie_name b_name;
 	struct mie_region *b_parent;
+	/* used by struct mie_region */
+	b_queue_entry b_entry;
 
 	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_register, b_params);
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op, b_ops);
+	/* queue of struct mie_op */
+	b_queue b_ops;
 };
 
 extern struct mie_vector_ops mie_block_vector_ops;
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_first_op(const struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_prev_op(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op *before);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_next_op(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_get_last_op(const struct mie_block *block);
+
 MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_add_op(struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_block_add_op_after(
+	struct mie_block *block, struct mie_op *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_block_add_param(struct mie_block *block);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/ir/builder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef MIE_IR_BUILDER_H_
+#define MIE_IR_BUILDER_H_
+
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+struct mie_op;
+struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_type;
+struct mie_name;
+struct mie_block;
+struct mie_region;
+struct mie_register;
+
+struct mie_builder;
+
+MIE_API struct mie_builder *mie_builder_create(
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *root);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_destroy(struct mie_builder *builder);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_ctx *mie_builder_get_ctx(struct mie_builder *builder);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_builder_get_current_block(struct mie_builder *builder);
+
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_into_op(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_into_region(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_region *region);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_into_block(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API void mie_builder_step_out(struct mie_builder *builder);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_builder_put_op(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, const char *dialect, const char *op,
+	struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_builder_put_name(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/ir/emit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef MIE_IR_EMIT_H_
+#define MIE_IR_EMIT_H_
+
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <mie/status.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define MIE_EMITTER(p) ((struct mie_emitter *)(p))
+
+struct mie_op;
+struct mie_name;
+struct mie_block;
+struct mie_register;
+
+struct mie_emitter;
+
+typedef struct mie_ctx *(*mie_emit_get_ctx)(const struct mie_emitter *);
+typedef enum mie_status (*mie_emit_put_name)(
+	struct mie_emitter *, struct mie_name *, const char *);
+typedef struct mie_op *(*mie_emit_put_op)(
+	struct mie_emitter *, const char *, const char *,
+	struct mie_register **, size_t);
+typedef struct mie_block *(*mie_emit_put_block)(
+	struct mie_emitter *, struct mie_block *);
+
+struct mie_emitter {
+	mie_emit_get_ctx e_get_ctx;
+	mie_emit_put_name e_put_name;
+	mie_emit_put_op e_put_op;
+	mie_emit_put_block e_put_block;
+};
+
+MIE_API struct mie_ctx *mie_emitter_get_ctx(struct mie_emitter *emitter);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_emitter_put_name(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_emitter_put_op(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *op_name, struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_emitter_put_block(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, struct mie_block *insert_point);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/ir/op.h

@@ -50,16 +50,20 @@ struct mie_op_successor {
 
 struct mie_op {
 	enum mie_op_flags op_flags;
+	/* used by struct mie_block */
+	b_queue_entry op_entry;
 
 	/* these pointers are only valid if the F_OP_RESOLVED flag is set */
 	const struct mie_dialect *op_dialect;
 	const struct mie_op_definition *op_info;
 
+	struct mie_block *op_container;
 	struct mie_file_span op_name_span;
 	/* only valid if the F_RESOLVED flag is NOT set */
 	char *op_name;
 
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_region, op_regions);
+	b_queue op_regions;
+
 	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op_successor, op_successors);
 	struct mie_attribute_map op_attrib;
 	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_op_arg, op_args);
@@ -72,11 +76,34 @@ MIE_API void mie_op_destroy(struct mie_op *op);
 MIE_API void mie_op_init(struct mie_op *op);
 MIE_API void mie_op_cleanup(struct mie_op *op);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op_arg *mie_op_add_arg(struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_op_add_result(
+	struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_type *ty);
+MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_op_add_successor(
+	struct mie_op *op, struct mie_block *block, struct mie_register **args,
+	size_t nr_args);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_add_region(struct mie_op *op);
+
+MIE_API bool mie_op_is(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *op_name);
 MIE_API bool mie_op_has_trait(
 	const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *trait_name);
 MIE_API bool mie_op_has_interface(
 	const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *iface_name);
 
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_op_get_parent(const struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_first_region(const struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_prev_region(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_region *before);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_next_region(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_region *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_region *mie_op_get_last_region(const struct mie_op *op);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_register *mie_op_get_arg(const struct mie_op *op, size_t index);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_op_get_first_child_op(const struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_op_get_last_child_op(const struct mie_op *op);
+
 MIE_API const struct mie_type *mie_op_arg_get_type(const struct mie_op_arg *arg);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/ir/region.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef MIE_IR_REGION_H_
 #define MIE_IR_REGION_H_
 
+#include <blue/core/queue.h>
 #include <mie/misc.h>
 #include <mie/vector.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -11,9 +12,22 @@ struct mie_block;
 struct mie_region {
 	struct mie_name_map *r_names;
 	struct mie_op *r_parent;
-	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_block, r_blocks);
+	/* used by struct mie_op */
+	b_queue_entry r_entry;
+	/* queue of struct mie_block */
+	b_queue r_blocks;
 };
 
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_region_get_first_block(
+	const struct mie_region *region);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_region_get_prev_block(
+	const struct mie_region *region, const struct mie_block *before);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_region_get_next_block(
+	const struct mie_region *region, const struct mie_block *after);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_region_get_last_block(const struct mie_region *region);
+
 MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_region_add_block(struct mie_region *region);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_region_add_block_after(
+	struct mie_region *region, struct mie_block *after);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/ir/register.h

@@ -62,8 +62,13 @@ struct mie_register {
 };
 
 extern struct mie_vector_ops mie_register_vector_ops;
+extern struct mie_vector_ops mie_register_use_vector_ops;
 
 MIE_API void mie_register_move(struct mie_register *dest, struct mie_register *src);
 MIE_API void mie_register_cleanup(struct mie_register *reg);
 
+MIE_API void mie_register_use_move(
+	struct mie_register_use *dest, struct mie_register_use *src);
+MIE_API void mie_register_use_cleanup(struct mie_register_use *reg);
+
 #endif

mie/include/mie/ir/rewrite.h

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MIE_IR_REWRITE_H_
-#define MIE_IR_REWRITE_H_
-
-struct mie_rewriter;
-
-#endif

mie/include/mie/ir/walk.h

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #ifndef MIE_IR_WALK_H_
 #define MIE_IR_WALK_H_
 
+#include <blue/core/queue.h>
 #include <mie/misc.h>
 #include <mie/status.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 struct mie_op;
-struct mie_walker;
 
 enum mie_walker_flags {
 	MIE_WALKER_F_NONE = 0x00u,
@@ -26,19 +26,45 @@ enum mie_walker_flags {
 	MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_BLOCKS = 0x20u,
 };
 
-struct mie_walker_item {
-	size_t i_depth;
-	struct mie_op *i_op;
-	struct mie_block *i_block;
-	struct mie_region *i_region;
+enum mie_walk_item_type {
+	MIE_WALK_ITEM_NONE = 0,
+	MIE_WALK_ITEM_OP,
+	MIE_WALK_ITEM_BLOCK,
+	MIE_WALK_ITEM_REGION,
 };
 
-MIE_API struct mie_walker *mie_walker_begin(
-	struct mie_op *op, enum mie_walker_flags flags);
+struct mie_walk_item {
+	int _f;
+	b_queue_entry _e;
+	enum mie_walk_item_type i_type;
+	// size_t i_index;
+	size_t i_depth;
+	union {
+		struct mie_op *i_op;
+		struct mie_block *i_block;
+		struct mie_region *i_region;
+	};
+};
+
+struct mie_walker {
+	enum mie_walker_flags w_flags;
+	union {
+		/* used for recursive walks */
+		b_queue w_stack;
+		/* used for non-recursive walks */
+		struct {
+			struct mie_walk_item w_region, w_block, w_op;
+		};
+	};
+};
+
+MIE_API void mie_walker_begin(
+	struct mie_walker *walker, const struct mie_op *op,
+	enum mie_walker_flags flags);
 MIE_API void mie_walker_end(struct mie_walker *walker);
 
 MIE_API enum mie_status mie_walker_step(struct mie_walker *walker);
 
-MIE_API struct mie_walker_item *mie_walker_get(struct mie_walker *walker);
+MIE_API struct mie_walk_item *mie_walker_get(struct mie_walker *walker);
 
 #endif

mie/include/mie/macros.h

@@ -246,3 +246,24 @@
 	} while (0)
 
 #endif
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/*                          REWRITE PATTER MACROS                             */
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+#define MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_BEGIN(name)                                        \
+	struct mie_pattern *name##_create(struct mie_pattern_set *set)         \
+	{                                                                      \
+		struct mie_pattern *self = mie_pattern_set_add(set);           \
+		if (!self) {                                                   \
+			return NULL;                                           \
+		}
+#define MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_END()                                              \
+	return self;                                                           \
+	}
+
+#define MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_ROOT(dialect_name, op_name)                        \
+	self->p_root.t_dialect_name = (dialect_name);                          \
+	self->p_root.t_op_name = (op_name)
+#define MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_MATCH(func)   self->p_match = (func)
+#define MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_REWRITE(func) self->p_rewrite = (func)

mie/include/mie/parse/parser.h

@@ -107,8 +107,7 @@ MIE_API bool mie_parser_parse_register_list(
 MIE_API bool mie_parser_parse_region(
 	struct mie_parser *ctx, struct mie_op *parent, struct mie_region *region);
 MIE_API bool mie_parser_parse_region_list(
-	struct mie_parser *ctx, struct mie_op *parent,
-	MIE_VECTOR_REF_PARAM(struct mie_region, out));
+	struct mie_parser *ctx, struct mie_op *parent);
 MIE_API bool mie_parser_parse_anonymous_block(
 	struct mie_parser *ctx, struct mie_name_map *names,
 	struct mie_block *block);

mie/include/mie/pass/pass-definition.h

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 struct mie_op;
 struct mie_ctx;
 struct mie_pass;
+struct mie_dialect;
 struct mie_op_definition;
 struct mie_trait_definition;
 struct mie_interface_definition;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ struct mie_pass_args {
 };
 
 struct mie_pass_filter {
+	const struct mie_dialect *f_dialect;
 	const struct mie_op_definition *f_op;
 	const struct mie_trait_definition *f_trait;
 	const struct mie_interface_definition *f_iface;

mie/include/mie/rewrite/convert.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef MIE_REWRITE_CONVERT_H_
+#define MIE_REWRITE_CONVERT_H_
+
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+
+struct mie_pattern_set;
+struct mie_convert_config;
+
+MIE_API struct mie_convert_config *mie_convert_config_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
+MIE_API void mie_convert_config_destroy(struct mie_convert_config *cfg);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_convert_config_add_illegal_op(
+	struct mie_convert_config *cfg, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *op_name);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_convert_apply(
+	struct mie_op *op, struct mie_convert_config *cfg,
+	struct mie_pattern_set *patterns);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/rewrite/greedy.h

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef MIE_REWRITE_GREEDY_H_
+#define MIE_REWRITE_GREEDY_H_
+
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+
+struct mie_pattern_set;
+struct mie_greedy_config;
+
+MIE_API struct mie_greedy_config *mie_greedy_config_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx);
+MIE_API void mie_greedy_config_destroy(struct mie_greedy_config *cfg);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_greedy_apply(
+	struct mie_op *op, struct mie_greedy_config *cfg,
+	struct mie_pattern_set *patterns);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/rewrite/pattern.h

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifndef MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_H_
+#define MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_H_
+
+#include <mie/vector.h>
+
+#define MIE_REWRITE_RESULT(result, status)                                     \
+	((struct mie_rewrite_result) {.r_result = (result), .r_status = (status)})
+
+struct mie_op;
+struct mie_rewriter;
+
+enum mie_match_result {
+	MIE_NO_MATCH_FOUND = 0,
+	MIE_MATCH_FOUND,
+};
+
+struct mie_rewrite_result {
+	enum {
+		MIE_REWRITE_SUCCESS = 0,
+		MIE_REWRITE_IGNORE,
+		MIE_REWRITE_FAILURE,
+	} r_result;
+	enum mie_status r_status;
+};
+
+struct mie_pattern {
+	struct {
+		const char *t_dialect_name, *t_op_name;
+		const struct mie_op_definition *t_op;
+	} p_root;
+
+	enum mie_match_result (*p_match)(const struct mie_op *);
+	struct mie_rewrite_result (*p_rewrite)(
+		struct mie_op *, struct mie_rewriter *);
+};
+
+struct mie_pattern_set {
+	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(struct mie_pattern, s_patterns);
+};
+
+MIE_API void mie_pattern_set_init(struct mie_pattern_set *set);
+MIE_API void mie_pattern_set_cleanup(struct mie_pattern_set *set);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_pattern *mie_pattern_set_add(struct mie_pattern_set *set);
+MIE_API struct mie_pattern *mie_pattern_set_match(
+	struct mie_pattern_set *set, const struct mie_op *op);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_match_result mie_pattern_match(
+	const struct mie_pattern *pattern, const struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API struct mie_rewrite_result mie_pattern_rewrite(
+	const struct mie_pattern *pattern, struct mie_op *op,
+	struct mie_rewriter *rewriter);
+
+#endif

mie/include/mie/rewrite/rewriter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#ifndef MIE_IR_REWRITE_H_
+#define MIE_IR_REWRITE_H_
+
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/misc.h>
+#include <mie/status.h>
+#include <mie/vector.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+struct mie_op;
+struct mie_ctx;
+struct mie_region;
+struct mie_register;
+struct mie_op_successor;
+
+struct mie_rewriter {
+	struct mie_emitter r_base;
+	struct mie_ctx *r_ctx;
+	/* anything ops added to the IR are inserted in this block. */
+	struct mie_block *r_insert_block;
+	/* anything ops added to the IR are inserted after this op.
+	 * if this is null, the insertion point is the end of r_insert_block. */
+	struct mie_op *r_insert_point;
+};
+
+MIE_API void mie_rewriter_init(struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_ctx *ctx);
+MIE_API void mie_rewriter_cleanup(struct mie_rewriter *rw);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_ctx *mie_rewriter_get_ctx(const struct mie_rewriter *rw);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_get_insertion_block(struct mie_rewriter *rw);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_get_insertion_point(struct mie_rewriter *rw);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_set_insertion_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_set_insertion_point(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *insert_point);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_split_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block, struct mie_op *before,
+	const char *name);
+MIE_API struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_create_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *insert_before, const char *name);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_to_start(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_to_end(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_before(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to, struct mie_block *before);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_after(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to, struct mie_block *after);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_rename_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block, const char *name);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_to_start(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_to_end(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_before(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to,
+	struct mie_block *before);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_after(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to,
+	struct mie_block *after);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_to_start(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_to_end(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_before(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to, struct mie_region *before);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_after(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to, struct mie_region *after);
+
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_put_op(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, const char *dialect, const char *op,
+	struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args);
+MIE_API struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_replace_op(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *op_name);
+MIE_API struct mie_op_successor *mie_rewriter_add_op_successor(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op, struct mie_block *dest,
+	struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_erase_op(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_op_args_to_successor(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op, struct mie_op_successor *s);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_replace_register(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_register *old,
+	struct mie_register *new);
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_rename_register(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_register *reg, const char *name);
+
+MIE_API enum mie_status mie_rewriter_put_name(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint);
+
+#endif

mie/ir/block.c

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/register.h>
+
+struct mie_op *mie_block_get_first_op(const struct mie_block *block)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_first(&block->b_ops);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_op, entry, op_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_block_get_prev_op(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op *before)
+{
+	if (!before || before->op_container != block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_prev(&before->op_entry);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_op, entry, op_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_block_get_next_op(
+	const struct mie_block *block, const struct mie_op *after)
+{
+	if (!after || after->op_container != block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_next(&after->op_entry);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_op, entry, op_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_block_get_last_op(const struct mie_block *block)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_last(&block->b_ops);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_op, entry, op_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_block_add_op(struct mie_block *block)
+{
+	struct mie_op *op = malloc(sizeof *op);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mie_op_init(op);
+	op->op_container = block;
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&block->b_ops, &op->op_entry);
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_block_add_op_after(struct mie_block *block, struct mie_op *after)
+{
+	if (after && after->op_container != block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op *op = malloc(sizeof *op);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mie_op_init(op);
+	op->op_container = block;
+
+	if (after) {
+		b_queue_insert_after(&block->b_ops, &op->op_entry, &after->op_entry);
+	} else {
+		b_queue_push_back(&block->b_ops, &op->op_entry);
+	}
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+struct mie_register *mie_block_add_param(struct mie_block *block)
+{
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_vector_emplace_back(
+		block->b_params, &mie_register_vector_ops);
+	result->reg_flags = MIE_REGISTER_F_VIRTUAL | MIE_REGISTER_F_BLOCK_PARAM;
+	result->reg_block = block;
+	result->reg_op = NULL;
+
+	return result;
+}

mie/ir/builder.c

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/builder.h>
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+
+struct builder_scope {
+	b_queue_entry s_entry;
+	struct mie_op *s_op;
+	struct mie_region *s_region;
+	struct mie_block *s_block;
+};
+
+struct mie_builder {
+	struct mie_emitter b_base;
+	struct mie_ctx *b_ctx;
+	b_queue b_scope_stack;
+	struct mie_op *b_root;
+	struct mie_op *b_prev_op;
+};
+
+struct mie_builder *mie_builder_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx, struct mie_op *root)
+{
+	struct mie_builder *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+
+	out->b_base.e_get_ctx = (mie_emit_get_ctx)mie_builder_get_ctx;
+	out->b_base.e_put_op = (mie_emit_put_op)mie_builder_put_op;
+	out->b_base.e_put_name = (mie_emit_put_name)mie_builder_put_name;
+	out->b_base.e_put_block = NULL;
+
+	out->b_ctx = ctx;
+	out->b_root = root;
+
+	mie_builder_step_into_op(out, root);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+struct mie_ctx *mie_builder_get_ctx(struct mie_builder *builder)
+{
+	return builder->b_ctx;
+}
+
+static struct mie_name_map *get_current_name_map(struct mie_builder *builder)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_last(&builder->b_scope_stack);
+	while (cur) {
+		struct builder_scope *scope
+			= b_unbox(struct builder_scope, cur, s_entry);
+
+		if (scope->s_region && scope->s_region->r_names) {
+			return scope->s_region->r_names;
+		}
+
+		cur = b_queue_prev(cur);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_builder_get_current_block(struct mie_builder *builder)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_last(&builder->b_scope_stack);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct builder_scope *scope
+		= b_unbox(struct builder_scope, entry, s_entry);
+
+	return scope->s_block;
+}
+
+void mie_builder_step_into_op(struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	struct mie_region *region = mie_op_get_last_region(op);
+
+	if (!region) {
+		region = mie_op_add_region(op);
+	}
+
+	mie_builder_step_into_region(builder, region);
+}
+
+void mie_builder_step_into_region(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_region *region)
+{
+	struct mie_block *block = mie_region_get_last_block(region);
+
+	if (!block) {
+		block = mie_region_add_block(region);
+	}
+
+	mie_builder_step_into_block(builder, block);
+}
+
+void mie_builder_step_into_block(struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_block *block)
+{
+	struct builder_scope *scope = malloc(sizeof *scope);
+	if (!scope) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	memset(scope, 0x0, sizeof *scope);
+
+	scope->s_block = block;
+	scope->s_region = block->b_parent;
+	scope->s_op = scope->s_region->r_parent;
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&builder->b_scope_stack, &scope->s_entry);
+}
+
+void mie_builder_step_out(struct mie_builder *builder)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_last(&builder->b_scope_stack);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	struct builder_scope *scope
+		= b_unbox(struct builder_scope, entry, s_entry);
+	b_queue_delete(&builder->b_scope_stack, entry);
+	free(scope);
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_builder_put_op(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, const char *dialect, const char *op_name,
+	struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args)
+{
+	struct mie_block *block = mie_builder_get_current_block(builder);
+
+	const struct mie_op_definition *op_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(builder->b_ctx, dialect, op_name);
+	if (!op_def) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_block_add_op(block);
+	op->op_flags = MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED;
+	op->op_info = op_def;
+	op->op_dialect = op_def->op_parent;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_args; i++) {
+		struct mie_op_arg *arg = mie_op_add_arg(op);
+		arg->arg_flags = MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED;
+		arg->arg_value.u_reg = args[i];
+		arg->arg_value.u_user = op;
+		b_queue_push_back(&args[i]->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+	}
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_builder_put_name(
+	struct mie_builder *builder, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint)
+{
+	struct mie_name_map *map = get_current_name_map(builder);
+	if (!map) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_STATE;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_name *result = mie_name_map_put(map, name, hint, 0);
+
+	return result ? MIE_SUCCESS : MIE_ERR_NAME_EXISTS;
+}

mie/ir/emit.c

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <mie/ir/emit.h>
+
+struct mie_ctx *mie_emitter_get_ctx(struct mie_emitter *emitter)
+{
+	if (emitter->e_get_ctx) {
+		return emitter->e_get_ctx(emitter);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_emitter_put_name(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint)
+{
+	if (emitter->e_put_name) {
+		return emitter->e_put_name(emitter, name, hint);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_emitter_put_op(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *op_name, struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args)
+{
+	if (emitter->e_put_op) {
+		return emitter->e_put_op(
+			emitter, dialect_name, op_name, args, nr_args);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_emitter_put_block(
+	struct mie_emitter *emitter, struct mie_block *insert_point)
+{
+	if (emitter->e_put_block) {
+		return emitter->e_put_block(emitter, insert_point);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}

mie/ir/op.c

@@ -1,7 +1,41 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
 #include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
+static enum mie_status op_arg_cleanup(void *p)
+{
+	struct mie_op_arg *arg = p;
+
+	if (arg->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED) {
+		b_queue_delete(
+			&arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status op_arg_move(void *dst, void *src, size_t itemsz)
+{
+	assert(itemsz == sizeof(struct mie_op_arg));
+	struct mie_op_arg *dest_arg = dst, *src_arg = src;
+	memmove(dest_arg, src_arg, sizeof *src_arg);
+
+	if (src_arg->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED) {
+		mie_register_use_move(&dest_arg->arg_value, &src_arg->arg_value);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_vector_ops op_arg_vector_ops = {
+	.v_destroy = op_arg_cleanup,
+	.v_move = op_arg_move,
+};
+
 struct mie_op *mie_op_create(void)
 {
 	struct mie_op *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
@@ -32,6 +66,94 @@ void mie_op_cleanup(struct mie_op *op)
 	/* TODO */
 }
 
+struct mie_op_arg *mie_op_add_arg(struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	return mie_vector_emplace_back(op->op_args, &op_arg_vector_ops);
+}
+
+struct mie_register *mie_op_add_result(struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_type *ty)
+{
+	struct mie_register *result = mie_vector_emplace_back(
+		op->op_result, &mie_register_vector_ops);
+	result->reg_flags = MIE_REGISTER_F_VIRTUAL | MIE_REGISTER_F_OP_RESULT;
+	result->reg_type = ty;
+	result->reg_op = op;
+	result->reg_block = op->op_container;
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+struct mie_op_successor *mie_op_add_successor(
+	struct mie_op *op, struct mie_block *block, struct mie_register **args,
+	size_t nr_args)
+{
+	struct mie_op_successor *s
+		= mie_vector_emplace_back(op->op_successors, NULL);
+
+	s->s_flags = MIE_OP_F_SUCCESSOR_RESOLVED;
+	s->s_block = block;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_args; i++) {
+		struct mie_op_arg *arg
+			= mie_vector_emplace_back(s->s_args, &op_arg_vector_ops);
+
+		arg->arg_flags = MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED;
+		arg->arg_value.u_reg = args[i];
+		arg->arg_value.u_user = op;
+		b_queue_push_back(&args[i]->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+	}
+
+	return s;
+}
+
+static bool is_isolated(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	if (!(op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_trait *isolated = mie_trait_table_get_unique(
+		&op->op_info->op_traits, "builtin", "isolated-from-above");
+	return isolated != NULL;
+}
+
+struct mie_region *mie_op_add_region(struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	bool isolated = is_isolated(op);
+
+	struct mie_region *region = malloc(sizeof *region);
+	if (!region) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	region->r_parent = op;
+
+	if (isolated) {
+		region->r_names = mie_name_map_create(NULL);
+	}
+
+	b_queue_push_back(&op->op_regions, &region->r_entry);
+
+	return region;
+}
+
+bool mie_op_is(const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *op_name)
+{
+	if (!op->op_info || !op->op_dialect) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(op->op_dialect->d_name, dialect_name) != 0) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(op->op_info->op_name, op_name) != 0) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 bool mie_op_has_trait(
 	const struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name, const char *trait_name)
 {
@@ -62,3 +184,97 @@ bool mie_op_has_interface(
 		&op->op_info->op_iface, dialect_name, iface_name);
 	return p != NULL;
 }
+
+struct mie_region *mie_op_get_first_region(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_first(&op->op_regions);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_region, entry, r_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_region *mie_op_get_prev_region(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_region *before)
+{
+	if (!before || before->r_parent != op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_prev(&before->r_entry);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_region, entry, r_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_region *mie_op_get_next_region(
+	const struct mie_op *op, const struct mie_region *after)
+{
+	if (!after || after->r_parent != op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_next(&after->r_entry);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_region, entry, r_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_region *mie_op_get_last_region(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_last(&op->op_regions);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_region, entry, r_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_register *mie_op_get_arg(const struct mie_op *op, size_t index)
+{
+	if (MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args) <= index) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_op_arg *arg = &op->op_args.items[index];
+	if (!(arg->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return arg->arg_value.u_reg;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_op_get_first_child_op(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	struct mie_region *first_region = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	if (!first_region) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_block *first_block = mie_region_get_first_block(first_region);
+	if (!first_block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return mie_block_get_first_op(first_block);
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_op_get_last_child_op(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	struct mie_region *last_region = mie_op_get_last_region(op);
+	if (!last_region) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_block *last_block = mie_region_get_last_block(last_region);
+	if (!last_block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return mie_block_get_last_op(last_block);
+}

mie/ir/region.c

@@ -3,16 +3,89 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+struct mie_block *mie_region_get_first_block(const struct mie_region *region)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_first(&region->r_blocks);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_block, entry, b_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_region_get_prev_block(
+	const struct mie_region *region, const struct mie_block *before)
+{
+	if (!before || before->b_parent != region) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_prev(&before->b_entry);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_block, entry, b_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_region_get_next_block(
+	const struct mie_region *region, const struct mie_block *after)
+{
+	if (!after || after->b_parent != region) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_next(&after->b_entry);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_block, entry, b_entry);
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_region_get_last_block(const struct mie_region *region)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_last(&region->r_blocks);
+	if (!entry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return b_unbox(struct mie_block, entry, b_entry);
+}
+
 struct mie_block *mie_region_add_block(struct mie_region *region)
 {
-	struct mie_block *block = mie_vector_emplace_back(
-		region->r_blocks, &mie_block_vector_ops);
+	struct mie_block *block = malloc(sizeof *block);
 
 	if (!block) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
+	memset(block, 0x0, sizeof *block);
 	block->b_parent = region;
 
+	b_queue_push_back(&region->r_blocks, &block->b_entry);
+
+	return block;
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_region_add_block_after(
+	struct mie_region *region, struct mie_block *after)
+{
+	if (after->b_parent != region) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_block *block = malloc(sizeof *block);
+
+	if (!block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(block, 0x0, sizeof *block);
+	block->b_parent = region;
+
+	b_queue_insert_after(&region->r_blocks, &block->b_entry, &after->b_entry);
+
 	return block;
 }

mie/ir/register.c

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <blue/core/queue.h>
 #include <mie/ir/register.h>
 
-static enum mie_status cleanup(void *p)
+static enum mie_status reg_cleanup(void *p)
 {
 	mie_register_cleanup(p);
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static enum mie_status move(void *dst, void *src, size_t itemsz)
+static enum mie_status reg_move(void *dst, void *src, size_t itemsz)
 {
 	assert(itemsz == sizeof(struct mie_register));
 	struct mie_register *dest_reg = dst, *src_reg = src;
@@ -15,9 +16,23 @@ static enum mie_status move(void *dst, void *src, size_t itemsz)
 	return MIE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+static enum mie_status reg_use_cleanup(void *p)
+{
+	mie_register_use_cleanup(p);
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status reg_use_move(void *dst, void *src, size_t itemsz)
+{
+	assert(itemsz == sizeof(struct mie_register_use));
+	struct mie_register_use *dest_reg = dst, *src_reg = src;
+	mie_register_use_move(dest_reg, src_reg);
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 struct mie_vector_ops mie_register_vector_ops = {
-	.v_destroy = cleanup,
-	.v_move = move,
+	.v_destroy = reg_cleanup,
+	.v_move = reg_move,
 };
 
 void mie_register_move(struct mie_register *dest, struct mie_register *src)
@@ -35,3 +50,20 @@ void mie_register_cleanup(struct mie_register *reg)
 		mie_name_destroy(&reg->reg_name);
 	}
 }
+
+void mie_register_use_move(
+	struct mie_register_use *dest, struct mie_register_use *src)
+{
+	memmove(dest, src, sizeof *dest);
+
+	if (src->u_reg) {
+		b_queue_move(&src->u_reg->reg_use, &src->u_entry, &dest->u_entry);
+	}
+}
+
+void mie_register_use_cleanup(struct mie_register_use *use)
+{
+	if (use->u_reg) {
+		b_queue_delete(&use->u_reg->reg_use, &use->u_entry);
+	}
+}

mie/name.c

@@ -305,6 +305,10 @@ void mie_name_move(struct mie_name *dst, struct mie_name *src)
 void mie_name_destroy(struct mie_name *name)
 {
 	struct mie_name_map *parent = name->n_parent;
+	if (!parent) {
+		return;
+	}
+
 	struct mie_name_map_entry *entry
 		= get_entry(&parent->m_entries, name->n_base.e_hash);
 	struct mie_name_bucket *bucket = NULL;

mie/parse/parser.c

@@ -798,15 +798,13 @@ bool mie_parser_parse_region(
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool mie_parser_parse_region_list(
-	struct mie_parser *ctx, struct mie_op *parent,
-	MIE_VECTOR_REF_PARAM(struct mie_region, out))
+bool mie_parser_parse_region_list(struct mie_parser *ctx, struct mie_op *parent)
 {
 	if (!mie_parser_check_symbol(ctx, MIE_SYM_LEFT_BRACE)) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	struct mie_region *region = mie_vector_ref_emplace_back(out, NULL);
+	struct mie_region *region = mie_op_add_region(parent);
 
 	if (!mie_parser_parse_region(ctx, parent, region)) {
 		return false;
@@ -821,7 +819,7 @@ bool mie_parser_parse_region_list(
 			break;
 		}
 
-		struct mie_region *region = mie_vector_ref_emplace_back(out, NULL);
+		struct mie_region *region = mie_op_add_region(parent);
 
 		if (!mie_parser_parse_region(ctx, parent, region)) {
 
@@ -837,8 +835,7 @@ bool mie_parser_parse_anonymous_block(
 {
 	mie_parser_parse_linefeed(ctx);
 
-	struct mie_op *op = mie_vector_emplace_back(block->b_ops, NULL);
-	mie_op_init(op);
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_block_add_op(block);
 
 	if (!mie_parser_parse_op(ctx, names, op)) {
 		return false;
@@ -855,8 +852,7 @@ bool mie_parser_parse_anonymous_block(
 			break;
 		}
 
-		struct mie_op *op = mie_vector_emplace_back(block->b_ops, NULL);
-		mie_op_init(op);
+		struct mie_op *op = mie_block_add_op(block);
 
 		if (!mie_parser_parse_op(ctx, names, op)) {
 			return false;
@@ -950,8 +946,7 @@ bool mie_parser_parse_block(
 			break;
 		}
 
-		struct mie_op *op = mie_vector_emplace_back(block->b_ops, NULL);
-		mie_op_init(op);
+		struct mie_op *op = mie_block_add_op(block);
 		if (!mie_parser_parse_op(ctx, names, op)) {
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -1090,8 +1085,7 @@ static bool parse_generic_op(
 
 	if (mie_parser_parse_symbol(ctx, MIE_SYM_LEFT_PAREN)) {
 		mie_parser_parse_linefeed(ctx);
-		if (!mie_parser_parse_region_list(
-			    ctx, dest, MIE_VECTOR_REF(dest->op_regions))) {
+		if (!mie_parser_parse_region_list(ctx, dest)) {
 			return false;
 		}
 
@@ -1150,9 +1144,6 @@ static bool parse_graph_op(
 bool mie_parser_parse_op(
 	struct mie_parser *ctx, struct mie_name_map *names, struct mie_op *dest)
 {
-	memset(dest, 0x0, sizeof *dest);
-	mie_attribute_map_init(&dest->op_attrib);
-
 	if (mie_parser_check_eof(ctx)) {
 		return false;
 	}

mie/pass/builtin/builtin.c

@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@
 
 MIE_PASS_GROUP_BEGIN(mie_builtin)
 	MIE_PASS_GROUP_ADD_PASS(prefix_func_with_underscore);
+	MIE_PASS_GROUP_ADD_PASS(convert_scf_to_cf);
 MIE_PASS_GROUP_END()

mie/pass/builtin/convert-scf-to-cf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/cf.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/ir/walk.h>
+#include <mie/macros.h>
+#include <mie/pass/pass-definition.h>
+#include <mie/pass/pass.h>
+#include <mie/rewrite/convert.h>
+#include <mie/rewrite/pattern.h>
+#include <mie/rewrite/rewriter.h>
+
+static bool op_is_flat(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+static enum mie_match_result if_match(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	if (!mie_op_is(op, "scf", "if")) {
+		return MIE_NO_MATCH_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	return MIE_MATCH_FOUND;
+}
+
+static struct mie_rewrite_result if_rewrite(
+	struct mie_op *op, struct mie_rewriter *rewriter)
+{
+	printf("if: rewriting %p %s.%s\n", op, op->op_dialect->d_name,
+	       op->op_info->op_name);
+
+	struct mie_register *cond = mie_op_get_arg(op, 0);
+	struct mie_region *parent_region = op->op_container->b_parent;
+
+	struct mie_region *if_region = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	struct mie_block *if_start = mie_region_get_first_block(if_region);
+	struct mie_block *if_end = mie_region_get_last_block(if_region);
+	struct mie_region *else_region = mie_op_get_next_region(op, if_region);
+	struct mie_block *else_start = mie_region_get_first_block(else_region);
+
+	struct mie_block *pre_block = op->op_container;
+	struct mie_block *end_block
+		= mie_rewriter_split_block(rewriter, pre_block, op, "if.end");
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result); i++) {
+		struct mie_register *old_reg = &op->op_result.items[i];
+		struct mie_register *new_reg = mie_block_add_param(end_block);
+		new_reg->reg_type = old_reg->reg_type;
+		char *name = b_strdup(old_reg->reg_name.n_str);
+
+		mie_name_destroy(&old_reg->reg_name);
+		mie_rewriter_rename_register(rewriter, new_reg, name);
+		mie_rewriter_replace_register(rewriter, old_reg, new_reg);
+		free(name);
+	}
+
+	struct mie_walker walker;
+	mie_walker_begin(&walker, op, MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS);
+
+	do {
+		const struct mie_walk_item *item = mie_walker_get(&walker);
+		if (!mie_op_is(item->i_op, "scf", "yield")) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		printf("if: found scf.yield %p\n", item->i_op);
+
+		struct mie_op *br = mie_rewriter_replace_op(
+			rewriter, item->i_op, "cf", "br");
+		struct mie_op_successor *s = mie_rewriter_add_op_successor(
+			rewriter, br, end_block, NULL, 0);
+		mie_rewriter_move_op_args_to_successor(rewriter, br, s);
+
+	} while (mie_walker_step(&walker) == MIE_SUCCESS);
+
+	mie_walker_end(&walker);
+
+	mie_rewriter_move_blocks_after(
+		rewriter, if_region, parent_region, pre_block);
+	mie_rewriter_rename_block(rewriter, if_start, "if.then");
+
+	if (else_region) {
+		mie_rewriter_move_blocks_after(
+			rewriter, else_region, parent_region, if_end);
+		mie_rewriter_rename_block(rewriter, else_start, "if.else");
+	}
+
+	mie_rewriter_erase_op(rewriter, op);
+
+	mie_rewriter_set_insertion_block(rewriter, pre_block);
+	mie_rewriter_set_insertion_point(rewriter, NULL);
+	mie_cf_br_cond_put(
+		MIE_EMITTER(rewriter), cond, if_start, NULL, 0, else_start,
+		NULL, 0);
+
+	return MIE_REWRITE_RESULT(MIE_REWRITE_SUCCESS, MIE_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_BEGIN(if_pattern)
+	MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_ROOT("scf", "if");
+	MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_MATCH(if_match);
+	MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_REWRITE(if_rewrite);
+MIE_REWRITE_PATTERN_END()
+
+static struct mie_pass_result transform(
+	struct mie_pass *pass, struct mie_op *op, struct mie_pass_args *args)
+{
+	printf("%s: taking a look at %p %s.%s\n", mie_pass_get_name(pass), op,
+	       op->op_dialect->d_name, op->op_info->op_name);
+
+	struct mie_convert_config *cfg = mie_convert_config_create(args->p_ctx);
+	mie_convert_config_add_illegal_op(cfg, "scf", "if");
+
+	struct mie_pattern_set patterns = {};
+	if_pattern_create(&patterns);
+	mie_convert_apply(op, cfg, &patterns);
+
+	mie_pattern_set_cleanup(&patterns);
+	mie_convert_config_destroy(cfg);
+
+	return MIE_PASS_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+MIE_PASS_DEFINITION_BEGIN(convert_scf_to_cf)
+	MIE_PASS_NAME("convert-scf-to-cf");
+	MIE_PASS_DESCRIPTION(
+		"Convert high-level SCF constructs to low-level CF operations "
+		"and blocks.");
+	MIE_PASS_TRANSFORM(transform);
+	MIE_PASS_FILTER_OP("func", "func");
+MIE_PASS_DEFINITION_END()

mie/pass/pass-manager.c

@@ -87,18 +87,19 @@ enum mie_status mie_pass_manager_filter_op(
 		return MIE_SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	if (!dialect_name || !op_name) {
+	if (!dialect_name) {
 		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
 	}
 
-	const struct mie_op_definition *op
-		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(pm->pm_ctx, dialect_name, op_name);
-	if (!op) {
-		return MIE_ERR_NO_ENTRY;
+	if (!op_name) {
+		pm->pm_filter.f_dialect
+			= mie_ctx_get_dialect(pm->pm_ctx, dialect_name);
+		return pm->pm_filter.f_dialect ? MIE_SUCCESS : MIE_ERR_NO_ENTRY;
 	}
 
-	pm->pm_filter.f_op = op;
-	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+	pm->pm_filter.f_op
+		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(pm->pm_ctx, dialect_name, op_name);
+	return pm->pm_filter.f_op ? MIE_SUCCESS : MIE_ERR_NO_ENTRY;
 }
 
 enum mie_status mie_pass_manager_filter_trait(
@@ -152,6 +153,10 @@ static bool filter_check_op(
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	if (filter->f_dialect && op->op_dialect != filter->f_dialect) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
 	if (filter->f_trait
 	    && !mie_op_has_trait(
 		    op, filter->f_trait->tr_parent->d_name,
@@ -199,16 +204,17 @@ static void schedule_passes(
 		b_queue_push_back(schedule, &sched->s_entry);
 	}
 
-	struct mie_walker *walker = mie_walker_begin(op, MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS);
-	while (mie_walker_step(walker) == MIE_SUCCESS) {
+	struct mie_walker walker;
+	mie_walker_begin(&walker, op, MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS);
+	do {
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(pm->pm_nested); i++) {
 			struct mie_pass_manager *nested = pm->pm_nested.items[i];
-			struct mie_walker_item *item = mie_walker_get(walker);
+			struct mie_walk_item *item = mie_walker_get(&walker);
 			schedule_passes(nested, schedule, item->i_op, depth + 1);
 		}
-	}
+	} while (mie_walker_step(&walker) == MIE_SUCCESS);
 
-	mie_walker_end(walker);
+	mie_walker_end(&walker);
 }
 
 static void sched_item_execute(

mie/print/block.c

@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ static void print_block_header_params(
 static void print_block_header(
 	struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_block *block)
 {
-	if (!block->b_name.n_str && !MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(block->b_params)) {
+	bool first_block = b_queue_prev(&block->b_entry) == NULL;
+	if (first_block && !block->b_name.n_str) {
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@ static void print_block_header(
 
 	if (block->b_name.n_str) {
 		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, block->b_name.n_str, NULL);
+	} else {
+		b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "<UNNAMED>", NULL);
 	}
 
 	print_block_header_params(printer, block);
@@ -76,10 +79,11 @@ void mie_printer_print_block(
 
 	b_stream_push_indent(printer->p_stream, 4);
 
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(block->b_ops); i++) {
-		const struct mie_op *op = &block->b_ops.items[i];
+	struct mie_op *op = mie_block_get_first_op(block);
+	while (op) {
 		mie_printer_print_op(printer, op);
 		b_stream_write_char(printer->p_stream, '\n');
+		op = mie_block_get_next_op(block, op);
 	}
 
 	b_stream_pop_indent(printer->p_stream);

mie/print/op.c

@@ -13,9 +13,15 @@ void mie_printer_print_op_arg(
 	const struct mie_type *arg_type = NULL;
 
 	if (MIE_TEST_FLAGS(arg->arg_flags, MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
-		arg_flags = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_flags;
-		arg_name = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_name.n_str;
-		arg_type = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_type;
+		if (!arg->arg_value.u_reg) {
+			arg_flags = 0;
+			arg_name = "<NULL>";
+			arg_type = NULL;
+		} else {
+			arg_flags = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_flags;
+			arg_name = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_name.n_str;
+			arg_type = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_type;
+		}
 	} else {
 		arg_flags = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_flags;
 		arg_name = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_name;
@@ -30,7 +36,7 @@ void mie_printer_print_op_arg(
 
 	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, arg_name, NULL);
 
-	if (!include_type) {
+	if (!include_type || !arg_type) {
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -96,18 +102,24 @@ static void print_successor_list(
 
 static void print_region_list(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op *op)
 {
-	if (!MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_regions)) {
+	if (b_queue_empty(&op->op_regions)) {
 		return;
 	}
 
 	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, " (", NULL);
 
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_regions); i++) {
+	struct mie_region *region = mie_op_get_first_region(op);
+	size_t i = 0;
+
+	while (region) {
 		if (i > 0) {
 			b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ", ", NULL);
 		}
 
-		mie_printer_print_region(printer, &op->op_regions.items[i], 0);
+		mie_printer_print_region(printer, region, 0);
+
+		region = mie_op_get_next_region(op, region);
+		i++;
 	}
 
 	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, ")", NULL);

mie/print/region.c

@@ -8,15 +8,20 @@ void mie_printer_print_region(
 {
 	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "{\n", NULL);
 
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(region->r_blocks); i++) {
+	struct mie_block *block = mie_region_get_first_block(region);
+	size_t i = 0;
+
+	while (block) {
 		enum mie_print_flags block_flags = 0;
 
 		if ((flags & MIE_PRINT_F_EXCLUDE_FIRST_BLOCK_HEADER) && (i == 0)) {
 			block_flags = MIE_PRINT_F_EXCLUDE_BLOCK_HEADER;
 		}
 
-		const struct mie_block *block = &region->r_blocks.items[i];
 		mie_printer_print_block(printer, block, block_flags);
+
+		block = mie_region_get_next_block(region, block);
+		i++;
 	}
 
 	b_stream_write_string(printer->p_stream, "}", NULL);

mie/rewrite/convert.c

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/walk.h>
+#include <mie/rewrite/convert.h>
+#include <mie/rewrite/pattern.h>
+#include <mie/rewrite/rewriter.h>
+#include <mie/vector.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+struct mie_convert_config {
+	struct mie_ctx *cfg_ctx;
+	MIE_VECTOR_DECLARE(const struct mie_op_definition *, cfg_illegal_ops);
+};
+
+struct mie_convert_config *mie_convert_config_create(struct mie_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	struct mie_convert_config *out = malloc(sizeof *out);
+	if (!out) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(out, 0x0, sizeof *out);
+	out->cfg_ctx = ctx;
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+void mie_convert_config_destroy(struct mie_convert_config *cfg)
+{
+	mie_vector_destroy(cfg->cfg_illegal_ops, NULL);
+	free(cfg);
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_convert_config_add_illegal_op(
+	struct mie_convert_config *cfg, const char *dialect_name, const char *op_name)
+{
+	const struct mie_op_definition *op
+		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(cfg->cfg_ctx, dialect_name, op_name);
+	if (!op) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_ENTRY;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_op_definition **slot
+		= mie_vector_emplace_back(cfg->cfg_illegal_ops, NULL);
+	if (!slot) {
+		return MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	*slot = op;
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_convert_apply(
+	struct mie_op *root, struct mie_convert_config *cfg,
+	struct mie_pattern_set *patterns)
+{
+	enum mie_status status = MIE_SUCCESS;
+	enum mie_walker_flags walk_flags = MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS
+	                                 | MIE_WALKER_F_POSTORDER
+	                                 | MIE_WALKER_F_FORWARD;
+	struct mie_walker walker;
+	mie_walker_begin(&walker, root, walk_flags);
+
+	struct mie_rewriter rw;
+	mie_rewriter_init(&rw, cfg->cfg_ctx);
+
+	do {
+		const struct mie_walk_item *item = mie_walker_get(&walker);
+		struct mie_op *op = item->i_op;
+
+		struct mie_pattern *pattern = mie_pattern_set_match(patterns, op);
+		if (!pattern) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		struct mie_rewrite_result result
+			= mie_pattern_rewrite(pattern, op, &rw);
+		if (result.r_result == MIE_REWRITE_FAILURE) {
+			status = result.r_status;
+			break;
+		}
+	} while (mie_walker_step(&walker) == MIE_SUCCESS);
+
+	mie_walker_end(&walker);
+
+	return status;
+}

mie/rewrite/pattern-set.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <mie/rewrite/pattern.h>
+#include <mie/vector.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void mie_pattern_set_init(struct mie_pattern_set *set)
+{
+	memset(set, 0x0, sizeof *set);
+}
+
+void mie_pattern_set_cleanup(struct mie_pattern_set *set)
+{
+	mie_vector_destroy(set->s_patterns, NULL);
+}
+
+struct mie_pattern *mie_pattern_set_add(struct mie_pattern_set *set)
+{
+	return mie_vector_emplace_back(set->s_patterns, NULL);
+}
+
+struct mie_pattern *mie_pattern_set_match(
+	struct mie_pattern_set *set, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(set->s_patterns); i++) {
+		if (mie_pattern_match(&set->s_patterns.items[i], op)) {
+			return &set->s_patterns.items[i];
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}

mie/rewrite/pattern.c

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <mie/rewrite/pattern.h>
+
+enum mie_match_result mie_pattern_match(
+	const struct mie_pattern *pattern, const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	if (!pattern->p_match) {
+		return MIE_NO_MATCH_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	return pattern->p_match(op);
+}
+
+struct mie_rewrite_result mie_pattern_rewrite(
+	const struct mie_pattern *pattern, struct mie_op *op,
+	struct mie_rewriter *rewriter)
+{
+	if (!pattern->p_rewrite) {
+		return MIE_REWRITE_RESULT(
+			MIE_REWRITE_FAILURE, MIE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+	}
+
+	return pattern->p_rewrite(op, rewriter);
+}

mie/rewrite/rewriter.c

@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/rewrite/rewriter.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void mie_rewriter_init(struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	memset(rw, 0x0, sizeof *rw);
+	rw->r_ctx = ctx;
+
+	rw->r_base.e_get_ctx = (mie_emit_get_ctx)mie_rewriter_get_ctx;
+	rw->r_base.e_put_op = (mie_emit_put_op)mie_rewriter_put_op;
+	rw->r_base.e_put_name = (mie_emit_put_name)mie_rewriter_put_name;
+	rw->r_base.e_put_block = NULL;
+}
+
+void mie_rewriter_cleanup(struct mie_rewriter *rw)
+{
+	/* TODO */
+}
+
+struct mie_ctx *mie_rewriter_get_ctx(const struct mie_rewriter *rw)
+{
+	return rw->r_ctx;
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_get_insertion_block(struct mie_rewriter *rw)
+{
+	return rw->r_insert_block;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_get_insertion_point(struct mie_rewriter *rw)
+{
+	return rw->r_insert_point;
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_set_insertion_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block)
+{
+	rw->r_insert_block = block;
+	return block;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_set_insertion_point(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *insert_point)
+{
+	if (!insert_point && rw->r_insert_point) {
+		insert_point = mie_block_get_last_op(rw->r_insert_block);
+	}
+
+	rw->r_insert_point = insert_point;
+	return rw->r_insert_point;
+}
+
+static struct mie_name_map *get_name_map_for_region(struct mie_region *region)
+{
+	while (region) {
+		if (region->r_names) {
+			return region->r_names;
+		}
+
+		struct mie_op *op = region->r_parent;
+		if (!op) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		struct mie_block *block = op->op_container;
+		if (!block) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		region = block->b_parent;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_split_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block, struct mie_op *before,
+	const char *name)
+{
+	if (before->op_container != block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_region *region = block->b_parent;
+	struct mie_name_map *names = get_name_map_for_region(region);
+
+	struct mie_block *new_block = mie_region_add_block_after(region, block);
+	mie_name_map_put(names, &new_block->b_name, name, 0);
+
+	b_queue_entry *cur = &before->op_entry;
+	while (cur) {
+		struct mie_op *cur_op = b_unbox(struct mie_op, cur, op_entry);
+		b_queue_entry *next = b_queue_next(cur);
+		b_queue_delete(&block->b_ops, cur);
+		b_queue_push_back(&new_block->b_ops, cur);
+
+		cur_op->op_container = new_block;
+		cur = next;
+	}
+
+	return new_block;
+}
+
+struct mie_block *mie_rewriter_create_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *insert_before, const char *name)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_to_start(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to)
+{
+	if (block->b_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, &block->b_entry);
+	b_queue_push_front(&to->r_blocks, &block->b_entry);
+
+	block->b_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_to_end(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to)
+{
+	if (block->b_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, &block->b_entry);
+	b_queue_push_back(&to->r_blocks, &block->b_entry);
+
+	block->b_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_before(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to, struct mie_block *before)
+{
+	if (block->b_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	if (before->b_parent != to) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, &block->b_entry);
+	b_queue_insert_before(&to->r_blocks, &block->b_entry, &before->b_entry);
+
+	block->b_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_block_after(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block,
+	struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to, struct mie_block *after)
+{
+	if (block->b_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	if (after->b_parent != to) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, &block->b_entry);
+	b_queue_insert_after(&to->r_blocks, &block->b_entry, &after->b_entry);
+
+	block->b_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_rename_block(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_block *block, const char *name)
+{
+	struct mie_region *region = block->b_parent;
+	struct mie_name_map *names = get_name_map_for_region(region);
+
+	mie_name_destroy(&block->b_name);
+	struct mie_name *result = mie_name_map_put(names, &block->b_name, name, 0);
+
+	return result ? MIE_SUCCESS : MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_to_start(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_first(&from->r_blocks);
+	b_queue_entry *insert_point = NULL;
+	while (cur) {
+		b_queue_entry *next = b_queue_next(cur);
+
+		struct mie_block *block = b_unbox(struct mie_block, cur, b_entry);
+		b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, cur);
+
+		if (insert_point) {
+			b_queue_insert_after(&to->r_blocks, cur, insert_point);
+		} else {
+			b_queue_push_front(&to->r_blocks, cur);
+		}
+
+		block->b_parent = to;
+		insert_point = cur;
+		cur = next;
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_to_end(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_first(&from->r_blocks);
+	while (cur) {
+		b_queue_entry *next = b_queue_next(cur);
+
+		struct mie_block *block = b_unbox(struct mie_block, cur, b_entry);
+		b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, cur);
+		b_queue_push_back(&to->r_blocks, cur);
+
+		block->b_parent = to;
+		cur = next;
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_before(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to,
+	struct mie_block *before)
+{
+	if (before->b_parent != to) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_last(&from->r_blocks);
+	while (cur) {
+		b_queue_entry *next = b_queue_prev(cur);
+
+		struct mie_block *block = b_unbox(struct mie_block, cur, b_entry);
+		b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, cur);
+		b_queue_insert_before(&to->r_blocks, cur, &before->b_entry);
+
+		block->b_parent = to;
+		cur = next;
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_blocks_after(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *from, struct mie_region *to,
+	struct mie_block *after)
+{
+	if (after->b_parent != to) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_first(&from->r_blocks);
+	b_queue_entry *insert_point = &after->b_entry;
+
+	while (cur) {
+		b_queue_entry *next = b_queue_next(cur);
+
+		struct mie_block *block = b_unbox(struct mie_block, cur, b_entry);
+		b_queue_delete(&from->r_blocks, cur);
+		b_queue_insert_after(&to->r_blocks, cur, insert_point);
+
+		block->b_parent = to;
+		insert_point = cur;
+		cur = next;
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_to_start(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to)
+{
+	if (region->r_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->op_regions, &region->r_entry);
+	b_queue_push_front(&to->op_regions, &region->r_entry);
+
+	region->r_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_to_end(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to)
+{
+	if (region->r_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->op_regions, &region->r_entry);
+	b_queue_push_back(&to->op_regions, &region->r_entry);
+
+	region->r_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_before(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to, struct mie_region *before)
+{
+	if (region->r_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	if (before->r_parent != to) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->op_regions, &region->r_entry);
+	b_queue_insert_before(&to->op_regions, &region->r_entry, &before->r_entry);
+
+	region->r_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_region_after(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_region *region, struct mie_op *from,
+	struct mie_op *to, struct mie_region *after)
+{
+	if (region->r_parent != from) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	if (after->r_parent != to) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&from->op_regions, &region->r_entry);
+	b_queue_insert_after(&to->op_regions, &region->r_entry, &after->r_entry);
+
+	region->r_parent = to;
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_put_op(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, const char *dialect_name, const char *op_name,
+	struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args)
+{
+	if (!rw->r_insert_block) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	const struct mie_op_definition *op_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(rw->r_ctx, dialect_name, op_name);
+	if (!op_def) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_op *op
+		= mie_block_add_op_after(rw->r_insert_block, rw->r_insert_point);
+	if (!op) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	op->op_flags = MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED;
+	op->op_info = op_def;
+	op->op_dialect = op_def->op_parent;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_args; i++) {
+		struct mie_op_arg *arg = mie_op_add_arg(op);
+		arg->arg_flags = MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED;
+		arg->arg_value.u_reg = args[i];
+		arg->arg_value.u_user = op;
+		b_queue_push_back(&args[i]->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+	}
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+struct mie_op *mie_rewriter_replace_op(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op, const char *dialect_name,
+	const char *op_name)
+{
+	const struct mie_op_definition *op_def
+		= mie_ctx_get_op_definition(rw->r_ctx, dialect_name, op_name);
+
+	if (!op_def) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	op->op_info = op_def;
+	op->op_dialect = op_def->op_parent;
+
+	return op;
+}
+
+struct mie_op_successor *mie_rewriter_add_op_successor(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op, struct mie_block *dest,
+	struct mie_register **args, size_t nr_args)
+{
+	return mie_op_add_successor(op, dest, args, nr_args);
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_erase_op(struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	struct mie_block *parent = op->op_container;
+	if (!parent) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_STATE;
+	}
+
+	b_queue_delete(&parent->b_ops, &op->op_entry);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_successors); i++) {
+		struct mie_op_successor *s = &op->op_successors.items[i];
+		for (size_t k = 0; k < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(s->s_args); k++) {
+			struct mie_op_arg *arg = &s->s_args.items[k];
+			if (!(arg->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			b_queue_delete(
+				&arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_use,
+				&arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (size_t k = 0; k < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); k++) {
+		struct mie_op_arg *arg = &op->op_args.items[k];
+		if (!(arg->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		b_queue_delete(
+			&arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+	}
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result); i++) {
+		struct mie_register *reg = &op->op_result.items[i];
+
+		b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_first(&reg->reg_use);
+		while (cur) {
+			b_queue_entry *next = b_queue_next(cur);
+
+			struct mie_register_use *use
+				= b_unbox(struct mie_register_use, cur, u_entry);
+
+			b_queue_delete(&reg->reg_use, &use->u_entry);
+			use->u_reg = NULL;
+			cur = next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	mie_attribute_map_cleanup(&op->op_attrib);
+
+	free(op);
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_move_op_args_to_successor(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_op *op, struct mie_op_successor *s)
+{
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		struct mie_op_arg *src = &op->op_args.items[i];
+		struct mie_op_arg *dest = mie_vector_emplace_back(s->s_args, NULL);
+
+		struct mie_register *reg = NULL;
+		if (src->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED) {
+			reg = src->arg_value.u_reg;
+			b_queue_delete(&reg->reg_use, &src->arg_value.u_entry);
+		}
+
+		memcpy(dest, src, sizeof *src);
+		if (reg) {
+			memset(&dest->arg_value.u_entry, 0x0,
+			       sizeof dest->arg_value.u_entry);
+			b_queue_push_back(&reg->reg_use, &dest->arg_value.u_entry);
+		}
+	}
+
+	mie_vector_destroy(op->op_args, NULL);
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static enum mie_status replace_register_usage(
+	struct mie_op *op, struct mie_register *old, struct mie_register *new)
+{
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_args); i++) {
+		struct mie_op_arg *arg = &op->op_args.items[i];
+		if (!(arg->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (arg->arg_value.u_reg != old) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		b_queue_delete(&old->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+		arg->arg_value.u_reg = new;
+		b_queue_push_back(&new->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+	}
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_successors); i++) {
+		struct mie_op_successor *s = &op->op_successors.items[i];
+		for (size_t k = 0; k < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(s->s_args); k++) {
+			struct mie_op_arg *arg = &s->s_args.items[i];
+			if (!(arg->arg_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (arg->arg_value.u_reg != old) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			b_queue_delete(&old->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+			arg->arg_value.u_reg = new;
+			b_queue_push_back(&new->reg_use, &arg->arg_value.u_entry);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_replace_register(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_register *old, struct mie_register *new)
+{
+	b_queue_entry *cur = b_queue_first(&old->reg_use);
+	while (cur) {
+		struct mie_register_use *use
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_register_use, cur, u_entry);
+		struct mie_op *op = use->u_user;
+
+		if (use->u_reg == old) {
+			replace_register_usage(op, old, new);
+		}
+
+		cur = b_queue_next(cur);
+	}
+
+	return MIE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_rename_register(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_register *reg, const char *name)
+{
+	if (!reg->reg_block) {
+		return MIE_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_region *region = reg->reg_block->b_parent;
+	struct mie_name_map *names = get_name_map_for_region(region);
+
+	mie_name_destroy(&reg->reg_name);
+	struct mie_name *result = mie_name_map_put(names, &reg->reg_name, name, 0);
+
+	return result ? MIE_SUCCESS : MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+}
+
+enum mie_status mie_rewriter_put_name(
+	struct mie_rewriter *rw, struct mie_name *name, const char *hint)
+{
+	if (!rw->r_insert_block) {
+		return MIE_ERR_BAD_STATE;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_region *region = rw->r_insert_block->b_parent;
+	struct mie_name_map *names = get_name_map_for_region(region);
+
+	mie_name_destroy(name);
+	struct mie_name *result = mie_name_map_put(names, name, hint, 0);
+
+	return result ? MIE_SUCCESS : MIE_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+}

mie/trait/trait-table.c

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ const struct mie_trait *mie_trait_table_get_unique(
 
 	const mie_id *result = mie_id_map_get(&table->tr_unique, &id);
 	const struct unique_trait *entry
-		= b_unbox(struct unique_trait, entry, u_id);
+		= b_unbox(struct unique_trait, result, u_id);
 	return entry ? entry->u_trait : NULL;
 }
 

tool/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 file(GLOB tool_sources
 	*.c *.h
-	cmd/*.c cmd/*.h)
+	cmd/*.c cmd/*.h
+	cmd/internal/*.c)
 
 if (WIN32)
 	set(rc_file ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../res/win32/frontend.rc)

tool/cmd/cmd.h

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
 enum command_id {
 	CMD_ROOT,
 	CMD_VALIDATE,
+	CMD_OPTIMISE,
+
 	CMD_INTERNAL,
+	CMD_INTERNAL_BUILDER_TEST,
+	CMD_INTERNAL_CTX_DUMP,
 };
 
 #endif

tool/cmd/internal.c

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-#include "cmd.h"
-#include <blue/cmd.h>
-#include <blue/term.h>
-
-enum {
-        OPT_PRINT_SYMBOLS = 0x1000,
-        OPT_PRINT_KEYWORDS,
-};
-
-static int internal(const b_command* cmd, const b_arglist* args, const b_array* _)
-{
-#if 0
-	if (b_arglist_get_count(args, OPT_PRINT_SYMBOLS, B_COMMAND_INVALID_ID)) {
-		internal_lexer_print_symbol_tree(lex);
-	}
-
-	if (b_arglist_get_count(args, OPT_PRINT_KEYWORDS, B_COMMAND_INVALID_ID)) {
-		internal_lexer_print_keyword_dict(lex);
-	}
-
-#endif
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-B_COMMAND(CMD_INTERNAL, CMD_ROOT)
-{
-        B_COMMAND_NAME("internal");
-        B_COMMAND_SHORT_NAME('X');
-        B_COMMAND_DESC("internal frontend debugging tools.");
-        B_COMMAND_FUNCTION(internal);
-
-        B_COMMAND_OPTION(OPT_PRINT_SYMBOLS)
-        {
-                B_OPTION_LONG_NAME("print-symbols");
-                B_OPTION_SHORT_NAME('s');
-                B_OPTION_DESC(
-                    "print the symbol tree used by the language lexer.");
-        }
-
-        B_COMMAND_OPTION(OPT_PRINT_KEYWORDS)
-        {
-                B_OPTION_LONG_NAME("print-keywords");
-                B_OPTION_SHORT_NAME('k');
-                B_OPTION_DESC(
-                    "print the keyword dictionary used by the language lexer.");
-        }
-
-        B_COMMAND_HELP_OPTION();
-}

tool/cmd/internal/builder-test.c

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#include "../cmd.h"
+
+#include <blue/cmd.h>
+#include <blue/term.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/cf.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/func.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/index.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/meta.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/ptr.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/scf.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/select.h>
+#include <mie/ir/builder.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/pass/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/pass/pass-manager.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+
+enum {
+	OPT_GENERIC,
+	OPT_NO_ABBREV,
+	OPT_PASS_OFFSET = 100,
+};
+
+static int builder_test(
+	const b_command *cmd, const b_arglist *args, const b_array *_)
+{
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx = mie_ctx_create();
+	mie_builtin_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_meta_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_select_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_ptr_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_arith_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_func_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_cf_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_scf_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_index_dialect_create(ctx);
+
+	mie_builtin_passes_register(ctx);
+
+	struct mie_op *module = mie_ctx_create_op(ctx, "builtin", "module");
+	struct mie_builder *builder = mie_builder_create(ctx, module);
+
+	const struct mie_type *i32 = mie_ctx_get_int_type(ctx, 32);
+	const struct mie_type *i64 = mie_ctx_get_int_type(ctx, 64);
+
+	struct mie_func_parameter params[] = {
+		{.param_name = "p1", .param_type = i32},
+		{.param_name = "p2", .param_type = i64},
+	};
+	size_t nr_params = sizeof params / sizeof params[0];
+	const struct mie_type *ret_type = mie_ctx_get_int_type(ctx, 64);
+
+	struct mie_op *func = mie_func_func_put(
+		MIE_EMITTER(builder), "test_func", params, nr_params, &ret_type, 1);
+	mie_builder_step_into_op(builder, func);
+
+	struct mie_region *r_true, *r_false;
+	struct mie_op *if_op = mie_scf_if_put(
+		MIE_EMITTER(builder), params[0].param_reg, i32, &r_true,
+		&r_false, NULL);
+
+	struct mie_register *tmp = NULL;
+
+	mie_builder_step_into_region(builder, r_true);
+	tmp = mie_arith_constant_i_put(MIE_EMITTER(builder), 10, NULL);
+	mie_scf_yield_put(MIE_EMITTER(builder), tmp);
+	mie_builder_step_out(builder);
+
+	mie_builder_step_into_region(builder, r_false);
+	tmp = mie_arith_constant_i_put(MIE_EMITTER(builder), 20, NULL);
+	mie_scf_yield_put(MIE_EMITTER(builder), tmp);
+	mie_builder_step_out(builder);
+
+	struct mie_register *v1
+		= mie_arith_constant_i_put(MIE_EMITTER(builder), 1024, NULL);
+	struct mie_register *v2
+		= mie_arith_constant_i_put(MIE_EMITTER(builder), 2048, NULL);
+	struct mie_register *add
+		= mie_arith_addi_put(MIE_EMITTER(builder), v1, v2, NULL);
+	struct mie_register *add2 = mie_arith_addi_put(
+		MIE_EMITTER(builder), add, &if_op->op_result.items[0], NULL);
+
+	mie_builder_step_out(builder);
+
+	struct mie_pass_manager *pm = mie_pass_manager_create(ctx);
+	struct mie_pass_manager *module_pm = mie_pass_manager_nest(pm);
+	mie_pass_manager_filter_op(module_pm, "builtin", "module");
+
+	struct mie_pass_manager *func_pm = mie_pass_manager_nest(pm);
+	mie_pass_manager_filter_op(module_pm, "func", "func");
+
+	b_arglist_iterator it;
+	b_arglist_foreach(&it, args)
+	{
+		if (it.opt_id < OPT_PASS_OFFSET) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const b_command_option *opt = b_command_get_option(cmd, it.opt_id);
+		if (!opt) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const char *pass_name = b_command_option_get_long_name(opt);
+		struct mie_pass *pass = NULL;
+		enum mie_status status
+			= mie_ctx_get_pass(ctx, pass_name, NULL, &pass);
+		if (status != MIE_SUCCESS) {
+			printf("cannot load pass %s\n", pass_name);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		mie_pass_manager_add_pass(func_pm, pass);
+	}
+
+	mie_pass_manager_run(pm, module);
+
+	enum mie_print_flags flags = 0;
+	if (b_arglist_get_count(args, OPT_GENERIC, B_COMMAND_INVALID_ID) > 0) {
+		flags |= MIE_PRINT_F_GENERIC;
+	}
+
+	if (b_arglist_get_count(args, OPT_NO_ABBREV, B_COMMAND_INVALID_ID) == 0) {
+		flags |= MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_printer printer;
+	mie_printer_init(&printer, ctx, b_stdout, flags);
+	mie_printer_print_op(&printer, module);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+B_COMMAND(CMD_INTERNAL_BUILDER_TEST, CMD_INTERNAL)
+{
+	B_COMMAND_NAME("builder-test");
+	B_COMMAND_DESC("mie_builder test");
+	B_COMMAND_FUNCTION(builder_test);
+
+	B_COMMAND_OPTION(OPT_GENERIC)
+	{
+		B_OPTION_LONG_NAME("generic");
+		B_OPTION_SHORT_NAME('g');
+		B_OPTION_DESC("print operations in generic format.");
+	}
+
+	B_COMMAND_OPTION(OPT_NO_ABBREV)
+	{
+		B_OPTION_LONG_NAME("no-abbrev");
+		B_OPTION_SHORT_NAME('n');
+		B_OPTION_DESC(
+			"don't use abbreviations for builtin types and ops.");
+	}
+
+	B_COMMAND_HELP_OPTION();
+
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx = mie_ctx_create();
+	mie_builtin_passes_register(ctx);
+
+	size_t i = 0;
+	b_btree_node *node = b_btree_first(&ctx->ctx_passes.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_pass_definition *pass
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_pass_definition, id, p_id);
+
+		B_COMMAND_OPTION_GEN(OPT_PASS_OFFSET + i)
+		{
+			B_OPTION_LONG_NAME(pass->p_name);
+			B_OPTION_DESC(pass->p_description);
+		}
+
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+		i++;
+	}
+}

tool/cmd/internal/ctx-dump.c

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+#include "../cmd.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <blue/cmd.h>
+#include <blue/term.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/cf.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/func.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/index.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/meta.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/ptr.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/scf.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/select.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/ir/register.h>
+#include <mie/pass/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/pass/pass-manager.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait-definition.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait.h>
+#include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+
+static int trait_ref_print(const struct mie_trait *trait, void *arg)
+{
+	fputc(' ', stdout);
+	mie_trait_print(trait, b_stdout);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void op_arg_dump(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op_arg *arg)
+{
+	enum mie_register_flags arg_flags = 0;
+	const char *arg_name = NULL;
+	const struct mie_type *arg_type = NULL;
+
+	if (MIE_TEST_FLAGS(arg->arg_flags, MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
+		arg_flags = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_flags;
+		arg_name = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_name.n_str;
+		arg_type = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_type;
+	} else {
+		arg_flags = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_flags;
+		arg_name = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_name;
+		arg_type = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_type;
+	}
+
+	if (arg_flags & MIE_REGISTER_F_MACHINE) {
+		b_printf(" [bold,red]MR");
+	} else {
+		b_printf(" [bold,magenta]VR");
+	}
+
+	printf(":(");
+	mie_printer_print_type(printer, arg_type);
+	b_printf(")%s[reset]", arg_name);
+}
+
+static void op_dump(const struct mie_op *op)
+{
+	b_stringstream *tmp = b_stringstream_create();
+	struct mie_printer printer;
+	mie_printer_init(&printer, NULL, b_stdout, MIE_PRINT_F_GENERIC);
+
+	printf("FLAGS:");
+	(op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED) && printf(" OP_RESOLVED");
+	(op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED) && printf(" ARG_RESOLVED");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("DIALECT: %s\n",
+	       op->op_dialect ? op->op_dialect->d_name : "<unknown>");
+	printf("OP: %s\n", op->op_info ? op->op_info->op_name : "<unknown>");
+	printf("NAME: %s\n", op->op_name ? op->op_name : "<unknown>");
+	printf("TRAITS:");
+	mie_trait_table_iterate(&op->op_info->op_traits, trait_ref_print, NULL);
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("ATTRIBUTES:");
+#if 0
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_attrib); i++) {
+		printf(" (%s = ", op->op_attrib.items[i].attrib_name);
+		mie_printer_print_value(
+			&printer, op->op_attrib.items[i].attrib_value);
+		printf(")");
+	}
+#endif
+	printf("\n");
+
+	printf("REGIONS: %zu\n", b_queue_length(&op->op_regions));
+	printf("SUCCESSORS:");
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_successors); i++) {
+		const struct mie_op_successor *s = &op->op_successors.items[i];
+		if (MIE_TEST_FLAGS(s->s_flags, MIE_OP_F_SUCCESSOR_RESOLVED)) {
+			printf(" ^%s", s->s_block->b_name.n_str);
+		} else {
+			printf(" ^%s?", s->s_block_name);
+		}
+
+		printf(":(");
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(s->s_args); i++) {
+			const struct mie_op_arg *arg = &s->s_args.items[i];
+			op_arg_dump(&printer, arg);
+		}
+
+		printf(" )");
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+
+	printf("ARGS:");
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < op->op_args.count; i++) {
+		const struct mie_op_arg *arg = &op->op_args.items[i];
+		op_arg_dump(&printer, arg);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+
+	printf("RESULT:");
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result); i++) {
+		const struct mie_register *reg = &op->op_result.items[i];
+		printf(" %s:(",
+		       (reg->reg_flags & MIE_REGISTER_F_MACHINE) ? "MR" : "VR");
+		mie_printer_print_type(&printer, reg->reg_type);
+		printf(")%s", reg->reg_name.n_str);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void mie_op_definition_print(const struct mie_op_definition *op)
+{
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&op->op_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	b_printf(
+		"  [bold,red]Op:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
+		op->op_name, id_str);
+}
+
+static void mie_type_definition_print(const struct mie_type_definition *type)
+{
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&type->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	b_printf(
+		"  [bold,blue]Ty:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
+		type->ty_name, id_str);
+}
+
+static void mie_trait_definition_print(const struct mie_trait_definition *trait)
+{
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&trait->tr_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	b_printf(
+		"  [bold,yellow]Tr:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
+		trait->tr_name, id_str);
+}
+
+static void mie_attribute_definition_print(
+	const struct mie_attribute_definition *attribute)
+{
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&attribute->a_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	b_printf(
+		"  [bold,magenta]At:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
+		attribute->a_name, id_str);
+}
+
+static void mie_interface_definition_print(
+	const struct mie_interface_definition *interface)
+{
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&interface->if_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	b_printf(
+		"  [bold,cyan]If:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
+		interface->if_name, id_str);
+}
+
+static void mie_pass_definition_print(const struct mie_pass_definition *interface)
+{
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&interface->p_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	b_printf(
+		"  [bold,cyan]Ps:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
+		interface->p_name, id_str);
+}
+
+static void mie_dialect_print(const struct mie_dialect *dialect)
+{
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&dialect->d_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	b_printf(
+		"[bold,green]D:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
+		dialect->d_name, id_str);
+
+	b_btree_node *node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_ops.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_op_definition *op
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_op_definition, id, op_id);
+
+		mie_op_definition_print(op);
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+
+	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_types.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_type_definition *type
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_type_definition, id, ty_id);
+
+		mie_type_definition_print(type);
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+
+	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_traits.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_trait_definition *trait
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_trait_definition, id, tr_id);
+
+		mie_trait_definition_print(trait);
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+
+	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_attributes.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_attribute_definition *attribute
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_attribute_definition, id, a_id);
+
+		mie_attribute_definition_print(attribute);
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+
+	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_interfaces.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_interface_definition *interface = b_unbox(
+			struct mie_interface_definition, id, if_id);
+
+		mie_interface_definition_print(interface);
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+}
+
+static void mie_ctx_print(const struct mie_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	printf("Dialects:\n");
+	b_btree_node *node = b_btree_first(&ctx->ctx_dialects.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_dialect *dialect
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_dialect, id, d_id);
+
+		mie_dialect_print(dialect);
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+
+	printf("\nPasses:\n");
+	node = b_btree_first(&ctx->ctx_passes.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_pass_definition *pass
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_pass_definition, id, p_id);
+
+		mie_pass_definition_print(pass);
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+}
+
+static int ctx_dump(const b_command *cmd, const b_arglist *args, const b_array *_)
+{
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx = mie_ctx_create();
+	mie_builtin_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_meta_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_select_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_ptr_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_arith_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_func_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_cf_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_scf_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_index_dialect_create(ctx);
+
+	mie_builtin_passes_register(ctx);
+
+	mie_ctx_print(ctx);
+
+	struct mie_type *i32 = mie_ctx_get_int_type(ctx, 32);
+	struct mie_type *str = mie_ctx_get_type(ctx, "builtin", "string");
+	struct mie_type *index = mie_ctx_get_type(ctx, "builtin", "index");
+	struct mie_attribute *i32_value = mie_ctx_get_int(ctx, 1024, 32);
+	struct mie_attribute *index_value = mie_ctx_get_index(ctx, 25000);
+	struct mie_attribute *str_value
+		= mie_ctx_get_string(ctx, "Hello, world!");
+
+	const struct mie_type *storage_type_parts[] = {i32, str, index};
+	struct mie_type *storage_type = mie_ctx_get_storage_type(
+		ctx, storage_type_parts,
+		sizeof storage_type_parts / sizeof *storage_type_parts);
+
+	const struct mie_type *func_in_parts[] = {i32, str};
+	const struct mie_type *func_out_parts[] = {index};
+	struct mie_type *func_type = mie_ctx_get_function_type(
+		ctx, func_in_parts, sizeof func_in_parts / sizeof *func_in_parts,
+		func_out_parts, sizeof func_out_parts / sizeof *func_out_parts);
+
+	/* make sure storage/function type caching is working */
+	assert(storage_type
+	       == mie_ctx_get_storage_type(
+		       ctx, storage_type_parts,
+		       sizeof storage_type_parts / sizeof *storage_type_parts));
+	assert(func_type
+	       == mie_ctx_get_function_type(
+		       ctx, func_in_parts,
+		       sizeof func_in_parts / sizeof *func_in_parts, func_out_parts,
+		       sizeof func_out_parts / sizeof *func_out_parts));
+
+	struct mie_printer printer;
+	mie_printer_init(&printer, ctx, b_stdout, MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED);
+
+	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
+	mie_id_to_string(&i32->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	printf("i32 type: {%s} %s (instance of %s.%s)\n", id_str, i32->ty_name,
+	       i32->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, i32->ty_def->ty_name);
+	mie_id_to_string(&str->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	printf("str type: {%s} %s (instance of %s.%s)\n", id_str, str->ty_name,
+	       str->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, str->ty_def->ty_name);
+	mie_id_to_string(&index->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	printf("index type: {%s} %s (instance of %s.%s)\n", id_str, index->ty_name,
+	       index->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, index->ty_def->ty_name);
+	mie_id_to_string(&storage_type->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	printf("storage type: {%s} ", id_str);
+	mie_printer_print_type(&printer, storage_type);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	mie_id_to_string(&func_type->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
+	printf("function type: {%s} ", id_str);
+	mie_printer_print_type(&printer, func_type);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	printf("i32 value: ");
+	mie_printer_print_attribute(&printer, i32_value);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	printf("index value: ");
+	mie_printer_print_attribute(&printer, index_value);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	printf("str value: ");
+	mie_printer_print_attribute(&printer, str_value);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+B_COMMAND(CMD_INTERNAL_CTX_DUMP, CMD_INTERNAL)
+{
+	B_COMMAND_NAME("ctx-dump");
+	B_COMMAND_DESC("mie_ctx dump");
+	B_COMMAND_FUNCTION(ctx_dump);
+
+	B_COMMAND_HELP_OPTION();
+}

tool/cmd/internal/internal.c

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "../cmd.h"
+
+#include <blue/cmd.h>
+#include <blue/term.h>
+
+static int internal(const b_command *cmd, const b_arglist *args, const b_array *_)
+{
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+B_COMMAND(CMD_INTERNAL, CMD_ROOT)
+{
+	B_COMMAND_SHORT_NAME('X');
+	B_COMMAND_DESC("internal frontend debugging tools.");
+	B_COMMAND_FUNCTION(internal);
+	B_COMMAND_FLAGS(B_COMMAND_SHOW_HELP_BY_DEFAULT);
+
+	B_COMMAND_HELP_OPTION();
+}

tool/cmd/optimise.c

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+#include "cmd.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <blue/cmd.h>
+#include <blue/io/file.h>
+#include <blue/io/path.h>
+#include <blue/term.h>
+#include <mie/attribute/attribute-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ctx.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/arith.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/cf.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/dialect.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/func.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/index.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/meta.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/ptr.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/scf.h>
+#include <mie/dialect/select.h>
+#include <mie/interface/interface-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/block.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op-definition.h>
+#include <mie/ir/op.h>
+#include <mie/ir/region.h>
+#include <mie/ir/register.h>
+#include <mie/ir/walk.h>
+#include <mie/name.h>
+#include <mie/parse/lex.h>
+#include <mie/parse/parser.h>
+#include <mie/parse/token.h>
+#include <mie/pass/builtin.h>
+#include <mie/pass/pass-manager.h>
+#include <mie/print/printer.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait-definition.h>
+#include <mie/trait/trait.h>
+#include <mie/type/type-definition.h>
+#include <mie/type/type.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+enum {
+	ARG_FILEPATH,
+
+	OPT_PASS_OFFSET = 200,
+};
+
+static int optimise_file(
+	const b_command *cmd, const char *path, const b_arglist *args)
+{
+	b_file *file = NULL;
+	b_result result
+		= b_file_open(NULL, B_RV_PATH(path), B_FILE_READ_ONLY, &file);
+	if (b_result_is_error(result)) {
+		b_throw(result);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	printf("File OK\n");
+
+	b_arglist_iterator it;
+	b_arglist_foreach(&it, args)
+	{
+		if (it.opt_id < OPT_PASS_OFFSET) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const b_command_option *opt = b_command_get_option(cmd, it.opt_id);
+		if (!opt) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		printf("running pass %s\n", b_command_option_get_long_name(opt));
+	}
+
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx = mie_ctx_create();
+	mie_builtin_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_meta_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_select_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_ptr_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_arith_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_func_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_cf_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_scf_dialect_create(ctx);
+	mie_index_dialect_create(ctx);
+
+	mie_builtin_passes_register(ctx);
+
+	struct mie_lex *lex = mie_lex_create(file);
+	struct mie_parser *parse = mie_parser_create(ctx, lex);
+
+	struct mie_name_map *names = mie_name_map_create(NULL);
+
+	struct mie_op *root = mie_op_create();
+
+	if (!mie_parser_parse_op(parse, NULL, root)) {
+		printf("parse failed\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	enum mie_walker_flags flags = MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS
+	                            | MIE_WALKER_F_PREORDER | MIE_WALKER_F_FORWARD
+	                            | MIE_WALKER_F_RECURSIVE;
+	struct mie_walker walker;
+	mie_walker_begin(&walker, root, flags);
+
+	do {
+		const struct mie_walk_item *item = mie_walker_get(&walker);
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < item->i_depth; i++) {
+			fputs("  ", stdout);
+		}
+
+		printf("resolving %p %s... ", item->i_op, item->i_op->op_name);
+		bool ok = mie_ctx_resolve_op(ctx, item->i_op);
+		printf("%s\n", ok ? "OK" : "FAIL");
+	} while (mie_walker_step(&walker) == MIE_SUCCESS);
+
+	struct mie_pass *prefix_func_with_underscore = NULL;
+	if (mie_ctx_get_pass(
+		    ctx, "prefix-func-with-underscore", NULL,
+		    &prefix_func_with_underscore)
+	    != MIE_SUCCESS) {
+		printf("cannot load pass prefix-func-with-underscore\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	struct mie_pass_manager *pm = mie_pass_manager_create(ctx);
+	struct mie_pass_manager *module_pm = mie_pass_manager_nest(pm);
+	mie_pass_manager_filter_op(module_pm, "builtin", "module");
+
+	struct mie_pass_manager *func_pm = mie_pass_manager_nest(pm);
+	mie_pass_manager_filter_op(module_pm, "func", "func");
+
+	mie_pass_manager_add_pass(func_pm, prefix_func_with_underscore);
+
+#if 0
+	mie_pass_manager_parse(
+		pm, "builtin.module(func.func(prefix-func-with-underscore))");
+#endif
+	mie_pass_manager_run(pm, root);
+
+	struct mie_printer printer;
+	mie_printer_init(&printer, ctx, b_stdout, MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED);
+	mie_printer_print_op(&printer, root);
+	printf("\n");
+
+#if 0
+
+	while (1) {
+		struct mie_token *tok = mie_lex_peek(lex);
+		if (!tok) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		printf("%s[%d:%d -> %d:%d]",
+		       mie_token_type_to_string(tok->tok_type),
+		       tok->tok_start.c_row, tok->tok_start.c_col,
+		       tok->tok_end.c_row, tok->tok_end.c_col);
+
+		switch (tok->tok_value_type) {
+		case MIE_TOK_V_STRING:
+			printf(" S:%s", tok->tok_str);
+			break;
+		case MIE_TOK_V_INT:
+			printf(" I:%lld", tok->tok_int);
+			break;
+		case MIE_TOK_V_DOUBLE:
+			printf(" D:%lf", tok->tok_double);
+			break;
+		case MIE_TOK_V_SYMBOL:
+			printf(" SYM:%s", mie_token_symbol_to_string(tok->tok_sym));
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+
+		printf("\n");
+
+		mie_lex_advance(lex);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	mie_lex_destroy(lex);
+
+	b_file_unref(file);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int optimise(const b_command *cmd, const b_arglist *args, const b_array *_)
+{
+	b_arglist_iterator it;
+	b_arglist_foreach_filtered(&it, args, B_COMMAND_INVALID_ID, ARG_FILEPATH)
+	{
+		b_arglist_value *path = it.value;
+		if (path->val_type != B_COMMAND_ARG_STRING) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		int r = optimise_file(cmd, path->val_str, args);
+		if (r != 0) {
+			return r;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+B_COMMAND(CMD_OPTIMISE, CMD_ROOT)
+{
+	B_COMMAND_NAME("optimise");
+	B_COMMAND_SHORT_NAME('O');
+	B_COMMAND_DESC("optimise a mie ir file.");
+	B_COMMAND_FLAGS(B_COMMAND_SHOW_HELP_BY_DEFAULT);
+	B_COMMAND_FUNCTION(optimise);
+
+	B_COMMAND_HELP_OPTION();
+
+	B_COMMAND_ARG(ARG_FILEPATH)
+	{
+		B_ARG_NAME("filepath");
+		B_ARG_DESC("the mie file to optimise");
+		B_ARG_NR_VALUES(1);
+	}
+
+	struct mie_ctx *ctx = mie_ctx_create();
+	mie_builtin_passes_register(ctx);
+
+	size_t i = 0;
+	b_btree_node *node = b_btree_first(&ctx->ctx_passes.map_entries);
+	while (node) {
+		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
+		struct mie_pass_definition *pass
+			= b_unbox(struct mie_pass_definition, id, p_id);
+
+		B_COMMAND_OPTION_GEN(OPT_PASS_OFFSET + 1)
+		{
+			B_OPTION_LONG_NAME(pass->p_name);
+			B_OPTION_DESC(pass->p_description);
+		}
+
+		node = b_btree_next(node);
+	}
+}

tool/cmd/validate.c

@@ -43,248 +43,6 @@ enum {
 	ARG_FILEPATH,
 };
 
-static int trait_ref_print(const struct mie_trait *trait, void *arg)
-{
-	fputc(' ', stdout);
-	mie_trait_print(trait, b_stdout);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void op_arg_dump(struct mie_printer *printer, const struct mie_op_arg *arg)
-{
-	enum mie_register_flags arg_flags = 0;
-	const char *arg_name = NULL;
-	const struct mie_type *arg_type = NULL;
-
-	if (MIE_TEST_FLAGS(arg->arg_flags, MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED)) {
-		arg_flags = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_flags;
-		arg_name = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_name.n_str;
-		arg_type = arg->arg_value.u_reg->reg_type;
-	} else {
-		arg_flags = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_flags;
-		arg_name = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_name;
-		arg_type = arg->arg_unresolved.reg_type;
-	}
-
-	if (arg_flags & MIE_REGISTER_F_MACHINE) {
-		b_printf(" [bold,red]MR");
-	} else {
-		b_printf(" [bold,magenta]VR");
-	}
-
-	printf(":(");
-	mie_printer_print_type(printer, arg_type);
-	b_printf(")%s[reset]", arg_name);
-}
-
-static void op_dump(const struct mie_op *op)
-{
-	b_stringstream *tmp = b_stringstream_create();
-	struct mie_printer printer;
-	mie_printer_init(&printer, NULL, b_stdout, MIE_PRINT_F_GENERIC);
-
-	printf("FLAGS:");
-	(op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED) && printf(" OP_RESOLVED");
-	(op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_ARG_RESOLVED) && printf(" ARG_RESOLVED");
-	printf("\n");
-	printf("DIALECT: %s\n",
-	       op->op_dialect ? op->op_dialect->d_name : "<unknown>");
-	printf("OP: %s\n", op->op_info ? op->op_info->op_name : "<unknown>");
-	printf("NAME: %s\n", op->op_name ? op->op_name : "<unknown>");
-	printf("TRAITS:");
-	mie_trait_table_iterate(&op->op_info->op_traits, trait_ref_print, NULL);
-	printf("\n");
-	printf("ATTRIBUTES:");
-#if 0
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_attrib); i++) {
-		printf(" (%s = ", op->op_attrib.items[i].attrib_name);
-		mie_printer_print_value(
-			&printer, op->op_attrib.items[i].attrib_value);
-		printf(")");
-	}
-#endif
-	printf("\n");
-
-	printf("REGIONS: %zu\n", MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_regions));
-	printf("SUCCESSORS:");
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_successors); i++) {
-		const struct mie_op_successor *s = &op->op_successors.items[i];
-		if (MIE_TEST_FLAGS(s->s_flags, MIE_OP_F_SUCCESSOR_RESOLVED)) {
-			printf(" ^%s", s->s_block->b_name.n_str);
-		} else {
-			printf(" ^%s?", s->s_block_name);
-		}
-
-		printf(":(");
-
-		for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(s->s_args); i++) {
-			const struct mie_op_arg *arg = &s->s_args.items[i];
-			op_arg_dump(&printer, arg);
-		}
-
-		printf(" )");
-	}
-	printf("\n");
-
-	printf("ARGS:");
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < op->op_args.count; i++) {
-		const struct mie_op_arg *arg = &op->op_args.items[i];
-		op_arg_dump(&printer, arg);
-	}
-	printf("\n");
-
-	printf("RESULT:");
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < MIE_VECTOR_COUNT(op->op_result); i++) {
-		const struct mie_register *reg = &op->op_result.items[i];
-		printf(" %s:(",
-		       (reg->reg_flags & MIE_REGISTER_F_MACHINE) ? "MR" : "VR");
-		mie_printer_print_type(&printer, reg->reg_type);
-		printf(")%s", reg->reg_name.n_str);
-	}
-	printf("\n");
-}
-
-static void mie_op_definition_print(const struct mie_op_definition *op)
-{
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&op->op_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	b_printf(
-		"  [bold,red]Op:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
-		op->op_name, id_str);
-}
-
-static void mie_type_definition_print(const struct mie_type_definition *type)
-{
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&type->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	b_printf(
-		"  [bold,blue]Ty:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
-		type->ty_name, id_str);
-}
-
-static void mie_trait_definition_print(const struct mie_trait_definition *trait)
-{
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&trait->tr_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	b_printf(
-		"  [bold,yellow]Tr:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
-		trait->tr_name, id_str);
-}
-
-static void mie_attribute_definition_print(
-	const struct mie_attribute_definition *attribute)
-{
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&attribute->a_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	b_printf(
-		"  [bold,magenta]At:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
-		attribute->a_name, id_str);
-}
-
-static void mie_interface_definition_print(
-	const struct mie_interface_definition *interface)
-{
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&interface->if_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	b_printf(
-		"  [bold,cyan]If:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
-		interface->if_name, id_str);
-}
-
-static void mie_pass_definition_print(const struct mie_pass_definition *interface)
-{
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&interface->p_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	b_printf(
-		"  [bold,cyan]Ps:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
-		interface->p_name, id_str);
-}
-
-static void mie_dialect_print(const struct mie_dialect *dialect)
-{
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&dialect->d_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	b_printf(
-		"[bold,green]D:[reset]%-20s [dark_grey]{%s}[reset]\n",
-		dialect->d_name, id_str);
-
-	b_btree_node *node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_ops.map_entries);
-	while (node) {
-		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
-		struct mie_op_definition *op
-			= b_unbox(struct mie_op_definition, id, op_id);
-
-		mie_op_definition_print(op);
-		node = b_btree_next(node);
-	}
-
-	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_types.map_entries);
-	while (node) {
-		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
-		struct mie_type_definition *type
-			= b_unbox(struct mie_type_definition, id, ty_id);
-
-		mie_type_definition_print(type);
-		node = b_btree_next(node);
-	}
-
-	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_traits.map_entries);
-	while (node) {
-		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
-		struct mie_trait_definition *trait
-			= b_unbox(struct mie_trait_definition, id, tr_id);
-
-		mie_trait_definition_print(trait);
-		node = b_btree_next(node);
-	}
-
-	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_attributes.map_entries);
-	while (node) {
-		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
-		struct mie_attribute_definition *attribute
-			= b_unbox(struct mie_attribute_definition, id, a_id);
-
-		mie_attribute_definition_print(attribute);
-		node = b_btree_next(node);
-	}
-
-	node = b_btree_first(&dialect->d_interfaces.map_entries);
-	while (node) {
-		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
-		struct mie_interface_definition *interface = b_unbox(
-			struct mie_interface_definition, id, if_id);
-
-		mie_interface_definition_print(interface);
-		node = b_btree_next(node);
-	}
-}
-
-static void mie_ctx_print(const struct mie_ctx *ctx)
-{
-	printf("Dialects:\n");
-	b_btree_node *node = b_btree_first(&ctx->ctx_dialects.map_entries);
-	while (node) {
-		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
-		struct mie_dialect *dialect
-			= b_unbox(struct mie_dialect, id, d_id);
-
-		mie_dialect_print(dialect);
-		node = b_btree_next(node);
-	}
-
-	printf("\nPasses:\n");
-	node = b_btree_first(&ctx->ctx_passes.map_entries);
-	while (node) {
-		mie_id *id = b_unbox(mie_id, node, e_node);
-		struct mie_pass_definition *pass
-			= b_unbox(struct mie_pass_definition, id, p_id);
-
-		mie_pass_definition_print(pass);
-		node = b_btree_next(node);
-	}
-}
-
 static int validate_file(const char *path, const b_arglist *args)
 {
 	b_file *file = NULL;
@@ -310,75 +68,6 @@ static int validate_file(const char *path, const b_arglist *args)
 
 	mie_builtin_passes_register(ctx);
 
-	mie_ctx_print(ctx);
-
-	struct mie_type *i32 = mie_ctx_get_int_type(ctx, 32);
-	struct mie_type *str = mie_ctx_get_type(ctx, "builtin", "string");
-	struct mie_type *index = mie_ctx_get_type(ctx, "builtin", "index");
-	struct mie_attribute *i32_value = mie_ctx_get_int(ctx, 1024, 32);
-	struct mie_attribute *index_value = mie_ctx_get_index(ctx, 25000);
-	struct mie_attribute *str_value
-		= mie_ctx_get_string(ctx, "Hello, world!");
-
-	printf("%zu\n", sizeof(struct mie_op));
-
-	const struct mie_type *storage_type_parts[] = {i32, str, index};
-	struct mie_type *storage_type = mie_ctx_get_storage_type(
-		ctx, storage_type_parts,
-		sizeof storage_type_parts / sizeof *storage_type_parts);
-
-	const struct mie_type *func_in_parts[] = {i32, str};
-	const struct mie_type *func_out_parts[] = {index};
-	struct mie_type *func_type = mie_ctx_get_function_type(
-		ctx, func_in_parts, sizeof func_in_parts / sizeof *func_in_parts,
-		func_out_parts, sizeof func_out_parts / sizeof *func_out_parts);
-
-	/* make sure storage/function type caching is working */
-	assert(storage_type
-	       == mie_ctx_get_storage_type(
-		       ctx, storage_type_parts,
-		       sizeof storage_type_parts / sizeof *storage_type_parts));
-	assert(func_type
-	       == mie_ctx_get_function_type(
-		       ctx, func_in_parts,
-		       sizeof func_in_parts / sizeof *func_in_parts, func_out_parts,
-		       sizeof func_out_parts / sizeof *func_out_parts));
-
-	struct mie_printer printer;
-	mie_printer_init(&printer, ctx, b_stdout, MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED);
-
-	char id_str[MIE_ID_STRING_MAX];
-	mie_id_to_string(&i32->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	printf("i32 type: {%s} %s (instance of %s.%s)\n", id_str, i32->ty_name,
-	       i32->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, i32->ty_def->ty_name);
-	mie_id_to_string(&str->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	printf("str type: {%s} %s (instance of %s.%s)\n", id_str, str->ty_name,
-	       str->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, str->ty_def->ty_name);
-	mie_id_to_string(&index->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	printf("index type: {%s} %s (instance of %s.%s)\n", id_str, index->ty_name,
-	       index->ty_def->ty_parent->d_name, index->ty_def->ty_name);
-	mie_id_to_string(&storage_type->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	printf("storage type: {%s} ", id_str);
-	mie_printer_print_type(&printer, storage_type);
-	printf("\n");
-
-	mie_id_to_string(&func_type->ty_id, id_str, sizeof id_str);
-	printf("function type: {%s} ", id_str);
-	mie_printer_print_type(&printer, func_type);
-	printf("\n");
-
-	printf("i32 value: ");
-	mie_printer_print_attribute(&printer, i32_value);
-	printf("\n");
-
-	printf("index value: ");
-	mie_printer_print_attribute(&printer, index_value);
-	printf("\n");
-
-	printf("str value: ");
-	mie_printer_print_attribute(&printer, str_value);
-	printf("\n");
-
 	struct mie_lex *lex = mie_lex_create(file);
 	struct mie_parser *parse = mie_parser_create(ctx, lex);
 
@@ -391,26 +80,44 @@ static int validate_file(const char *path, const b_arglist *args)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	struct mie_walker *walker = mie_walker_begin(
-		root, MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS | MIE_WALKER_F_PREORDER
-			      | MIE_WALKER_F_FORWARD | MIE_WALKER_F_RECURSIVE);
+	enum mie_walker_flags walk_flags
+		= MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS | MIE_WALKER_F_PREORDER
+	        | MIE_WALKER_F_FORWARD | MIE_WALKER_F_RECURSIVE;
+	struct mie_walker walker;
+	mie_walker_begin(&walker, root, walk_flags);
 
 	do {
-		const struct mie_walker_item *item = mie_walker_get(walker);
+		const struct mie_walk_item *item = mie_walker_get(&walker);
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < item->i_depth; i++) {
 			fputs("  ", stdout);
 		}
 
-		printf("resolving %p %s... ", item->i_op, item->i_op->op_name);
-		bool ok = mie_ctx_resolve_op(ctx, item->i_op);
-		printf("%s\n", ok ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	} while (mie_walker_step(walker) == MIE_SUCCESS);
+		switch (item->i_type) {
+		case MIE_WALK_ITEM_REGION:
+			printf("looking at region %p...\n", item->i_region);
+			continue;
+		case MIE_WALK_ITEM_BLOCK:
+			printf("looking at block %p %s...\n", item->i_block,
+			       item->i_block->b_name.n_str);
+			continue;
+		case MIE_WALK_ITEM_OP:
+
+			printf("resolving %p %s... ", item->i_op,
+			       item->i_op->op_name);
+			bool ok = mie_ctx_resolve_op(ctx, item->i_op);
+			printf("%s\n", ok ? "OK" : "FAIL");
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	} while (mie_walker_step(&walker) == MIE_SUCCESS);
+	mie_walker_end(&walker);
 
 	struct mie_pass *prefix_func_with_underscore = NULL;
-	if (mie_ctx_get_pass(
-		    ctx, "prefix-func-with-underscore", NULL,
-		    &prefix_func_with_underscore)
-	    != MIE_SUCCESS) {
+	enum mie_status status = mie_ctx_get_pass(
+		ctx, "prefix-func-with-underscore", NULL,
+		&prefix_func_with_underscore);
+	if (status != MIE_SUCCESS) {
 		printf("cannot load pass prefix-func-with-underscore\n");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -424,13 +131,52 @@ static int validate_file(const char *path, const b_arglist *args)
 
 	mie_pass_manager_add_pass(func_pm, prefix_func_with_underscore);
 
+#if 0
 	mie_pass_manager_parse(
 		pm, "builtin.module(func.func(prefix-func-with-underscore))");
+#endif
 	mie_pass_manager_run(pm, root);
 
+	struct mie_printer printer;
+	mie_printer_init(&printer, ctx, b_stdout, MIE_PRINT_F_ABBREVIATED);
 	mie_printer_print_op(&printer, root);
 	printf("\n");
 
+	struct mie_op *func = mie_op_get_first_child_op(root);
+	walk_flags = MIE_WALKER_F_INCLUDE_OPS | MIE_WALKER_F_PREORDER
+	           | MIE_WALKER_F_FORWARD;
+	mie_walker_begin(&walker, func, walk_flags);
+
+	do {
+		const struct mie_walk_item *item = mie_walker_get(&walker);
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < item->i_depth; i++) {
+			fputs("  ", stdout);
+		}
+
+		switch (item->i_type) {
+		case MIE_WALK_ITEM_REGION:
+			printf("looking at region %p...\n", item->i_region);
+			break;
+		case MIE_WALK_ITEM_BLOCK:
+			printf("looking at block %p %s...\n", item->i_block,
+			       item->i_block->b_name.n_str);
+			break;
+		case MIE_WALK_ITEM_OP:
+			if (item->i_op->op_flags & MIE_OP_F_OP_RESOLVED) {
+				printf("looking at %p %s.%s...\n", item->i_op,
+				       item->i_op->op_dialect->d_name,
+				       item->i_op->op_info->op_name);
+			} else {
+				printf("looking at %p %s...\n", item->i_op,
+				       item->i_op->op_name);
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	} while (mie_walker_step(&walker) == MIE_SUCCESS);
+	mie_walker_end(&walker);
+
 #if 0
 
 	while (1) {