ivy/lang/lex.c

#include <blue/core/hash.h>
#include <blue/core/queue.h>
#include <blue/object/string.h>
#include <blue/object/dict.h>
#include <blue/object/number.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <ivy/lang/lex.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "lex.h"

#define LINEBUF_DEFAULT_CAPACITY 1024

#define LEX_TOKEN_DEF(i, n)                                                    \
	{                                                                      \
		.id = (i), .name = (n)                                         \
	}

static struct lex_token_def keywords[] = {
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_PACKAGE, "package"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_USE, "use"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_CLASS, "class"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_PROTOCOL, "protocol"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_TRY, "try"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_THROW, "throw"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_CATCH, "catch"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_IF, "if"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_AND, "and"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_OR, "or"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_IS, "is"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_NOT, "not"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_ELSE, "else"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_WHILE, "while"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_FOR, "for"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_MATCH, "match"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_UNLESS, "unless"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_IN, "in"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_DO, "do"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_GET, "get"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_SET, "set"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_KW_END, "end"),
};
static const size_t nr_keywords = sizeof keywords / sizeof keywords[0];

static struct lex_token_def symbols[] = {
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOT, "."),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_SQUOTE, "'"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DQUOTE, "\""),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_LEFT_BRACE, "{"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_BRACE, "}"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_LEFT_BRACKET, "["),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_BRACKET, "]"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_LEFT_PAREN, "("),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_PAREN, ")"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_LEFT_ANGLE, "<"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_ANGLE, ">"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_COLON, ":"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_COLON, "::"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_PLUS, "+"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_HYPHEN, "-"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_HYPHEN, "--"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_FORWARD_SLASH, "/"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_ASTERISK, "*"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_FORWARD_SLASH_ASTERISK, "/*"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_ASTERISK_FORWARD_SLASH, "*/"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_PERCENT, "%"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_AMPERSAND, "&"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_EQUAL, "="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_EQUAL, "=="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_LEFT_ANGLE, "<<"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_RIGHT_ANGLE, ">>"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_LEFT_ANGLE_EQUAL, "<="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_ANGLE_EQUAL, ">="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_LEFT_ANGLE_EQUAL, "<<="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_RIGHT_ANGLE_EQUAL, ">>="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_PLUS_EQUAL, "+="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_HYPHEN_EQUAL, "-="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_FORWARD_SLASH_EQUAL, "/="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_ASTERISK_EQUAL, "*="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_AMPERSAND_EQUAL, "&="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_PIPE_EQUAL, "|="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_PERCENT_EQUAL, "%="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_CARET_EQUAL, "^="),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_HASH, "#"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_BANG, "!"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_PIPE, "|"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_CARET, "^"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_UNDERSCORE, "_"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_COMMA, ","),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_SEMICOLON, ";"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_DOLLAR, "$"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_HYPHEN_RIGHT_ANGLE, "->"),
	LEX_TOKEN_DEF(IVY_SYM_EQUAL_RIGHT_ANGLE, "=>"),
};
static const size_t nr_symbols = sizeof symbols / sizeof symbols[0];

static struct lexer_state *push_lexer_state(
	struct ivy_lexer *lex, enum lexer_state_type state_type)
{
	struct lexer_state *state = malloc(sizeof *state);
	if (!state) {
		return NULL;
	}

	memset(state, 0x0, sizeof *state);

	state->s_type = state_type;
	state->s_brace_depth = lex->lex_brace_depth;
	b_queue_push_back(&lex->lex_state, &state->s_entry);

	return state;
}

static void pop_lexer_state(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_pop_back(&lex->lex_state);
	if (!entry) {
		return;
	}

	struct lexer_state *state = b_unbox(struct lexer_state, entry, s_entry);
	free(state);
}

static struct lexer_state *get_lexer_state(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	b_queue_entry *entry = b_queue_last(&lex->lex_state);
	if (!entry) {
		return NULL;
	}

	return b_unbox(struct lexer_state, entry, s_entry);
}

static void destroy_state_stack(b_queue *state)
{
	b_queue_iterator it;
	b_queue_iterator_begin(state, &it);
	while (b_queue_iterator_is_valid(&it)) {
		struct lexer_state *node
			= b_unbox(struct lexer_state, it.entry, s_entry);
		b_queue_iterator_erase(&it);

		free(node);
	}
}

static struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *get_symbol_node(
	struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *node, char c)
{
	b_queue_iterator it;
	b_queue_foreach (&it, &node->s_children) {
		struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *child = b_unbox(
			struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node, it.entry, s_entry);
		if (child->s_char == c) {
			return child;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

static b_string *get_temp_string(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	if (!lex->lex_temp) {
		lex->lex_temp = b_string_create();
	}

	b_string_clear(lex->lex_temp);
	return lex->lex_temp;
}

static enum ivy_status put_symbol(
	struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *tree, struct lex_token_def *sym)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; sym->name[i]; i++) {
		char c = sym->name[i];
		struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *child = get_symbol_node(tree, c);
		if (child) {
			tree = child;
			continue;
		}

		child = malloc(sizeof *child);
		if (!child) {
			return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
		}

		memset(child, 0x0, sizeof *child);

		child->s_id = IVY_SYM_NONE;
		child->s_char = c;

		b_queue_push_back(&tree->s_children, &child->s_entry);
		tree = child;
	}

	tree->s_id = sym->id;
	return IVY_OK;
}

static void destroy_symbol_tree(struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *tree)
{
	b_queue_iterator it;
	b_queue_iterator_begin(&tree->s_children, &it);
	while (b_queue_iterator_is_valid(&it)) {
		struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *node = b_unbox(
			struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node, it.entry, s_entry);
		b_queue_iterator_erase(&it);

		destroy_symbol_tree(node);
	}

	free(tree);
}

static struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *build_symbol_tree(void)
{
	struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *root = malloc(sizeof *root);
	if (!root) {
		return NULL;
	}

	memset(root, 0x0, sizeof *root);
	root->s_id = IVY_SYM_NONE;

	enum ivy_status status = IVY_OK;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_symbols; i++) {
		status = put_symbol(root, &symbols[i]);

		if (status != IVY_OK) {
			destroy_symbol_tree(root);
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	return root;
}

static void init_keywords(b_dict *keyword_dict)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_keywords; i++) {
		struct lex_token_def *keyword = &keywords[i];
		b_dict_put(keyword_dict, keyword->name, B_RV_INT(keyword->id));
	}
}

static enum ivy_keyword find_keyword_by_name(struct ivy_lexer *lex, const char *s)
{
	b_number *id = B_NUMBER(b_dict_at(lex->lex_keywords, s));
	if (!id) {
		return IVY_KW_NONE;
	}

	return b_number_get_int(id);
}

enum ivy_status ivy_lexer_create(struct ivy_lexer **lexp)
{
	struct ivy_lexer *lex = malloc(sizeof *lex);
	if (!lex) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(lex, 0x0, sizeof *lex);

	lex->lex_status = IVY_OK;
	lex->lex_prev_token = IVY_TOK_NONE;

	lex->lex_linebuf = malloc(LINEBUF_DEFAULT_CAPACITY);
	lex->lex_linebuf_cap = LINEBUF_DEFAULT_CAPACITY;

	lex->lex_sym_tree = build_symbol_tree();
	if (!lex->lex_sym_tree) {
		ivy_lexer_destroy(lex);
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	if (!push_lexer_state(lex, STATE_NORMAL)) {
		ivy_lexer_destroy(lex);
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	lex->lex_keywords = b_dict_create();
	init_keywords(lex->lex_keywords);
	*lexp = lex;

	return IVY_OK;
}

void ivy_lexer_destroy(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	while (lex->lex_queue) {
		struct ivy_token *next = lex->lex_queue->t_next;
		ivy_token_destroy(lex->lex_queue);
		lex->lex_queue = next;
	}

	if (lex->lex_linebuf) {
		free(lex->lex_linebuf);
	}

	if (lex->lex_sym_tree) {
		destroy_symbol_tree(lex->lex_sym_tree);
	}

	if (lex->lex_temp) {
		b_string_release(lex->lex_temp);
	}

	if (lex->lex_keywords) {
		b_dict_release(lex->lex_keywords);
	}

	destroy_state_stack(&lex->lex_state);

	free(lex);
}

void ivy_lexer_set_source(struct ivy_lexer *lex, struct ivy_line_source *src)
{
	lex->lex_source = src;
}

enum ivy_status ivy_lexer_get_status(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	return lex->lex_status;
}

static enum ivy_status refill_linebuf(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	if (!lex->lex_source) {
		return IVY_ERR_EOF;
	}

	enum ivy_status status = ivy_line_source_readline(
		lex->lex_source, lex->lex_linebuf, lex->lex_linebuf_cap,
		&lex->lex_linebuf_len, NULL);

	if (status == IVY_OK) {
		lex->lex_linebuf_ptr = 0;
	}

	return status;
}

static int peek(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	enum ivy_status status = IVY_OK;

	if (lex->lex_linebuf_ptr >= lex->lex_linebuf_len) {
		status = refill_linebuf(lex);
	}

	if (status != IVY_OK) {
		return status;
	}

	if (lex->lex_linebuf_len == 0) {
		return IVY_ERR_EOF;
	}

	int c = lex->lex_linebuf[lex->lex_linebuf_ptr];
	return c;
}

static int peek_next(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	enum ivy_status status = IVY_OK;

	if (lex->lex_linebuf_ptr >= lex->lex_linebuf_len) {
		status = refill_linebuf(lex);
	}

	if (status != IVY_OK) {
		return status;
	}

	if (lex->lex_linebuf_len == 0) {
		return IVY_ERR_EOF;
	}

	if (lex->lex_linebuf_ptr + 1 >= lex->lex_linebuf_len) {
		return IVY_ERR_EOF;
	}

	int c = lex->lex_linebuf[lex->lex_linebuf_ptr + 1];
	return c;
}

static int advance(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	enum ivy_status status = IVY_OK;

	if (lex->lex_linebuf_ptr >= lex->lex_linebuf_len) {
		status = refill_linebuf(lex);
	}

	if (status != IVY_OK) {
		return status;
	}

	if (lex->lex_linebuf_len == 0) {
		return IVY_ERR_EOF;
	}

	int c = lex->lex_linebuf[lex->lex_linebuf_ptr++];
	return c;
}

static bool input_available(struct ivy_lexer* lex)
{
	return lex->lex_linebuf_ptr < lex->lex_linebuf_len;
}

static bool char_can_begin_symbol(char c)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_symbols; i++) {
		if (symbols[i].name[0] == c) {
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

static struct ivy_token *create_token(enum ivy_token_type type)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return NULL;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = type;
	return tok;
}

static enum ivy_status push_token(struct ivy_lexer *lex, struct ivy_token *tok)
{
	struct ivy_token **slot = &lex->lex_queue;

	while (*slot) {
		slot = &(*slot)->t_next;
	}

	*slot = tok;
	lex->lex_prev_token = tok->t_type;
	return IVY_OK;
}

static enum ivy_status push_linefeed(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	if (lex->lex_prev_token == IVY_TOK_LINEFEED) {
		return IVY_OK;
	}

	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_LINEFEED;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status push_string_start(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_STR_START;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status push_string_end(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_STR_END;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status push_string_content(struct ivy_lexer *lex, char *s)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_STRING;
	tok->t_str = s;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status push_symbol(struct ivy_lexer *lex, enum ivy_symbol sym)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_SYMBOL;
	tok->t_symbol = sym;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status push_atom(struct ivy_lexer *lex, char *s)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_ATOM;
	tok->t_str = s;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status push_number(struct ivy_lexer *lex, unsigned long long v)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_NUMBER;
	tok->t_number = v;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status push_keyword(struct ivy_lexer *lex, enum ivy_keyword keyword)
{
	struct ivy_token *tok = malloc(sizeof *tok);
	if (!tok) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	memset(tok, 0x0, sizeof *tok);

	tok->t_type = IVY_TOK_KEYWORD;
	tok->t_keyword = keyword;
	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status read_line_comment(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	while (true) {
		int c = advance(lex);

		if (c == IVY_ERR_EOF || c == '\n') {
			break;
		}

		if (c < 0) {
			return c;
		}
	}

	return IVY_OK;
}

static enum ivy_status read_block_comment(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	int depth = 1;
	char buf[2] = {0};

	while (depth > 0) {
		int c = peek(lex);
		if (c < 0) {
			return c;
		}

		if (!buf[0]) {
			buf[0] = c;
		} else if (!buf[1]) {
			buf[1] = c;
		} else {
			buf[0] = buf[1];
			buf[1] = c;
		}

		if (buf[0] == '/' && buf[1] == '*') {
			depth++;
		} else if (buf[0] == '*' && buf[1] == '/') {
			depth--;
		}

		advance(lex);
	}

	return IVY_OK;
}

static enum ivy_status read_squote_marker(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	enum ivy_status status = IVY_OK;
	struct lexer_state *state = get_lexer_state(lex);

	if (state->s_type == STATE_FSTRING) {
		/* already within an fstring */
		pop_lexer_state(lex);
		return push_string_end(lex);
	}

	/* start of a new fstring */
	status = push_string_start(lex);

	if (status != IVY_OK) {
		return status;
	}

	if (!push_lexer_state(lex, STATE_FSTRING)) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	return IVY_OK;
}

static enum ivy_status read_dquote_marker(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	struct lexer_state *state = get_lexer_state(lex);

	if (state->s_type == STATE_STRING) {
		/* already within a string */
		pop_lexer_state(lex);
		return IVY_OK;
	}

	/* start of a new string */
	if (!push_lexer_state(lex, STATE_STRING)) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	return IVY_OK;
}

static enum ivy_status read_atom(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	b_string *str = get_temp_string(lex);

	while (true) {
		int c = peek(lex);

		if (c == IVY_ERR_EOF) {
			break;
		}

		if (c < 0) {
			return c;
		}

		if (!isalnum(c) && c != ':' && c != '_') {
			break;
		}

		char s[] = {c, 0};
		b_string_append_cstr(str, s);
		advance(lex);
	}

	char *s = b_string_steal(str);
	return push_atom(lex, s);
}

static enum ivy_status read_string_content(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	int c;
	b_string *str = get_temp_string(lex);
	struct lexer_state *state = get_lexer_state(lex);

	if (!str) {
		return IVY_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	while (true) {
		c = peek(lex);

		if (state->s_type == STATE_FSTRING && (c == '\'' || c == '{')) {
			break;
		}

		if (state->s_type == STATE_STRING && c == '"') {
			break;
		}

		char s[2] = {c, 0};
		b_string_append_cstr(str, s);
		advance(lex);
	}

	if (b_string_get_size(str, B_STRLEN_NORMAL) == 0) {
		return IVY_OK;
	}

	char *s = b_string_steal(str);

	enum ivy_status status = push_string_content(lex, s);
	if (status != IVY_OK) {
		free(s);
	}

	return status;
}

static enum ivy_status read_symbol(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *node = lex->lex_sym_tree;
	struct lexer_state *state = get_lexer_state(lex);

	while (true) {
		int c = peek(lex);

		struct ivy_lexer_symbol_node *next = get_symbol_node(node, c);
		if (!next) {
			break;
		}

		node = next;
		advance(lex);
	}

	if (!node || node->s_id == IVY_SYM_NONE) {
		return IVY_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
	}

	switch (node->s_id) {
	case IVY_SYM_SQUOTE:
		return read_squote_marker(lex);
	case IVY_SYM_DQUOTE:
		return read_dquote_marker(lex);
	case IVY_SYM_FORWARD_SLASH_ASTERISK:
		return read_block_comment(lex);
	case IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_HYPHEN:
		return read_line_comment(lex);
	case IVY_SYM_HASH:
		return read_atom(lex);
	case IVY_SYM_LEFT_BRACE:
		push_symbol(lex, node->s_id);
		lex->lex_brace_depth++;

		if (state->s_type == STATE_FSTRING) {
			push_lexer_state(lex, STATE_INTERPOLATION);
		}
		return IVY_OK;
	case IVY_SYM_RIGHT_BRACE:
		push_symbol(lex, node->s_id);
		lex->lex_brace_depth--;

		if (state->s_type == STATE_INTERPOLATION
		    && lex->lex_brace_depth < state->s_brace_depth) {
			pop_lexer_state(lex);
		}
		return IVY_OK;
	default:
		push_symbol(lex, node->s_id);
		return IVY_OK;
	}
}

static enum ivy_status read_number(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	int token_len = 0;
	int base = 10;
	b_string *str = get_temp_string(lex);

	while (true) {
		int c = peek(lex);
		if (c == IVY_ERR_EOF) {
			break;
		}

		if (c < 0) {
			return c;
		}

		if (c == '_') {
			token_len++;
			advance(lex);
			continue;
		}

		if (isspace(c) || ispunct(c)) {
			break;
		}

		if (c == '0' && token_len == 0) {
			base = 7;
			token_len++;
			advance(lex);
			continue;
		}

		if (c == 'x' && token_len == 1) {
			base = 16;
			token_len++;
			advance(lex);
			continue;
		}

		if (c == 'b' && token_len == 1) {
			base = 2;
			token_len++;
			advance(lex);
			continue;
		}

		if (base == 2 && c != '0' && c != '1') {
			return IVY_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
		}

		if (base == 10 && !isdigit(c)) {
			return IVY_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
		}

		if (base == 16 && !isxdigit(c)) {
			return IVY_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
		}

		char s[] = {c, 0};
		b_string_append_cstr(str, s);
		advance(lex);
	}

	if (token_len == 1 && base == 7) {
		return push_number(lex, 0);
	}

	const char *s = b_string_ptr(str);
	char *ep;

	/* negative numbers will be lexed as a hyphen followed by a positive
	 * number. */
	unsigned long long v = strtoull(s, &ep, base);

	if (*ep != '\0') {
		return IVY_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
	}

	return push_number(lex, v);
}

static enum ivy_status read_ident(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	b_string *str = get_temp_string(lex);
	bool label = false;

	while (true) {
		int c = peek(lex);

		if (c < 0) {
			break;
		}

		if (c == ':' && peek_next(lex) != ':') {
			advance(lex);
			label = true;
			break;
		}

		if (!isalnum(c) && c != '_') {
			break;
		}

		char s[2] = {c, 0};
		b_string_append_cstr(str, s);
		advance(lex);
	}

	const char *s = b_string_ptr(str);
	if (!strcmp(s, "_")) {
		push_symbol(lex, IVY_SYM_UNDERSCORE);
	}

	enum ivy_keyword keyword = IVY_KW_NONE;
	if (!label && (keyword = find_keyword_by_name(lex, s)) != IVY_KW_NONE) {
		return push_keyword(lex, keyword);
	}

	struct ivy_token *tok
		= create_token(label ? IVY_TOK_LABEL : IVY_TOK_IDENT);
	tok->t_str = b_string_steal(str);

	return push_token(lex, tok);
}

static enum ivy_status pump_tokens(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	struct lexer_state *state = get_lexer_state(lex);

	int c = peek(lex);

	if (c < 0) {
		return c;
	}

	if (state->s_type == STATE_STRING && c != '"') {
		return read_string_content(lex);
	}

	if (state->s_type == STATE_FSTRING && c != '\'' && c != '{') {
		return read_string_content(lex);
	}

	/* `state` is invalid past this point, as the read_* functions
	 * may perform state transitions. */
	state = NULL;

	if (c == '\n') {
		while (c == '\n') {
			advance(lex);

			if (!input_available(lex)) {
				break;
			}

			c = peek(lex);
		}

		if (c < 0) {
			return c;
		}

		return push_linefeed(lex);
	}

	while (isspace(c)) {
		advance(lex);
		c = peek(lex);
	}

	if (isalpha(c) || c == '_') {
		return read_ident(lex);
	}

	if (char_can_begin_symbol(c)) {
		return read_symbol(lex);
	}

	if (isdigit(c)) {
		return read_number(lex);
	}

	return IVY_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
}

struct ivy_token *ivy_lexer_peek(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	enum ivy_status status = IVY_OK;

	while (!lex->lex_queue) {
		status = pump_tokens(lex);

		if (status != IVY_OK) {
			lex->lex_status = status;
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	lex->lex_status = status;
	struct ivy_token *tok = lex->lex_queue;
	return tok;
}

struct ivy_token *ivy_lexer_read(struct ivy_lexer *lex)
{
	enum ivy_status status = IVY_OK;

	while (!lex->lex_queue) {
		status = pump_tokens(lex);

		if (status != IVY_OK) {
			lex->lex_status = status;
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	struct ivy_token *tok = lex->lex_queue;
	lex->lex_queue = lex->lex_queue->t_next;
	return tok;
}

void ivy_token_destroy(struct ivy_token *tok)
{
	switch (tok->t_type) {
	case IVY_TOK_ATOM:
	case IVY_TOK_STRING:
	case IVY_TOK_IDENT:
		free(tok->t_str);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	free(tok);
}

#define ENUM_STR(x)                                                            \
	case x:                                                                \
		return #x

const char *ivy_lex_token_type_to_string(enum ivy_token_type type)
{
	switch (type) {
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_NONE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_KEYWORD);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_SYMBOL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_ATOM);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_NUMBER);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_LABEL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_IDENT);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_STRING);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_STR_START);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_STR_END);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_TOK_LINEFEED);
	default:
		return "";
	}
}

const char *ivy_keyword_to_string(enum ivy_keyword keyword)
{
	switch (keyword) {
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_NONE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_PACKAGE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_USE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_CLASS);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_PROTOCOL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_TRY);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_THROW);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_CATCH);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_IF);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_AND);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_OR);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_IS);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_NOT);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_ELSE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_WHILE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_FOR);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_MATCH);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_UNLESS);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_IN);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_DO);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_GET);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_SET);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_KW_END);
	default:
		return "";
	}
}

const char *ivy_symbol_to_string(enum ivy_symbol sym)
{
	switch (sym) {
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_NONE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOT);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_SQUOTE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DQUOTE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_LEFT_BRACE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_BRACE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_LEFT_BRACKET);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_BRACKET);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_LEFT_PAREN);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_PAREN);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_LEFT_ANGLE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_ANGLE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_COLON);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_COLON);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_PLUS);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_HYPHEN);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_HYPHEN);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_FORWARD_SLASH);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_ASTERISK);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_PERCENT);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_AMPERSAND);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_LEFT_ANGLE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_RIGHT_ANGLE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_LEFT_ANGLE_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_RIGHT_ANGLE_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_LEFT_ANGLE_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOUBLE_RIGHT_ANGLE_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_PLUS_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_HYPHEN_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_FORWARD_SLASH_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_ASTERISK_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_AMPERSAND_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_PIPE_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_PERCENT_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_CARET_EQUAL);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_BANG);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_PIPE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_CARET);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_HASH);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_UNDERSCORE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_COMMA);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_SEMICOLON);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_DOLLAR);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_HYPHEN_RIGHT_ANGLE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_EQUAL_RIGHT_ANGLE);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_FORWARD_SLASH_ASTERISK);
		ENUM_STR(IVY_SYM_ASTERISK_FORWARD_SLASH);
	default:
		return "";
	}
}